Growth and heavy metal uptake in two-year old plants of two clones of Populus alba in soil irrigated with municipal effluent

-Aghabarati, A., Hosseni, S.M., Esmaeili, A. and Maralian, H., 2008. Growth and mineral accumulation in Olea europaea L. trees irrigated with municipal effluent. Research Journal of Environmental Science, 2(4): 281-290.

-Ali, H.M., Siddiqui, M.H., Khamis, M.H., Hassan, F.A., Salem, M.Z.M. and El-Mahroukd, E.S.M., 2013. Performance of forest tree Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss. under sewage effluent irrigation. Ecological Engineering, 61(A): 117-126.

-Aryal, N. and Reinhold, D.M., 2015. Reduction of metal leaching by poplars during soil treatment of wastewaters: Small-scale proof of concept studies. Ecological Engineering, 78: 53-61.

-Ayers, R.S. and Westcot, D.W., 1985. Water Quality for Agriculture. FAO Irrigation and Drainage, Paper No. 29, Rome, Italy, 176p.

-Baldantoni, D., Cicatelli, A., Bellino, A. and Castiglione, S., 2014. Different behaviours in phytoremediation capacity of two heavy metal tolerant poplar clones in relation to iron and other trace elements. Journal of Environmental Management, 146: 94-99.

-Białowiec, A., Wojnowsky-Baryła, I. and Agopsowicz, M., 2007. The efficiency of evapotranspiration of landfill leachate in the soil–plant system with Salix amygdala L. Ecological Engineering, 30: 356-361.

-Borghi, M., Tognetti, R., Monteforti, G. and Sebastiani. L., 2008. Responses of two poplar species (Populus alba and Populus × canadensis) to high copper concentrations. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 62: 290-299.

-Bouyoucos, G.J., 1962. Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analyses of soils. Agronomy Journal, 54(5): 464-465.

-Bozkurt, M.A. and Yarilga, T., 2003. The effects of sewage sludge applications on the yield, growth, nutrition and heavy metal accumulation in apple trees growing in dry conditions. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 27(5): 285-292.

-Bremner, J.M., 1996. Nitrogen-total. In: Sparks, D.L., et al., (Eds.). Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3: Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 1085-1122.

-Chandra, R. and Kang, H., 2016. Mixed heavy metal stress on photosynthesis, transpiration rate, and chlorophyll content in poplar hybrids. Forest Science and Technology, 12(2): 55-61.

-Dimitriou, I. and Aronsson, P., 2011. Wastewater and sewage sludge application to willows and poplars grown in lysimeterse-Plant response and treatment efficiency. Biomass and Bioenergy, 35(1): 161-170.

-Egiarte, G., Camps Arbestain, M., Alonso, A., Ruíz-Romera, E. and Pinto, M., 2005. Effect of repeated applications of sewage sludge on the fate of N in soils under monterey pine stands. Forest Ecology and Management, 216(1-3): 257-269.

-Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, DC, USA, 2012. Guidelines for Water Reuse 600/R-12/618.

-Environmental Protection Organization, 2016. Iranian water quality standard, 14p.

-French, C.J., Dickinson, N.M. and Putwain, P.D., 2006. Woody biomass phytoremediation of contaminated brownfield land. Environmental Pollution, 141: 387-395.

-Goliński, P., Mleczek, M., Magdziak, Z., Gąsecka, M., Borowiak, K., Dąbrowski, J., Kaczmarek, Z. and Rutkowski, P., 2015. Efficiency of Zn phytoextraction, biomass yield and formation of low-molecular-weight organic acids in S×rubens-a hydroponic experiment. Chemistry and Ecology, 31: 345-364.

-Guo, L.B., Sims, R.E.H. and Horne, D.J., 2006. Biomass production and nutrient cycling in Eucalyptus short rotation energy forests in New Zealand: II. Litter fall and nutrient return. Biomass and Bioenergy, 30(5): 393-404.

-Kabata-Pendias, A., 2011. Trace Elements in Soils and Plants, 4th edition. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 548P.

-Kopponen, P., Utriainen, M., Lukkari, K., Suntioinen, S., Ka¨renlampi, L. and Ka¨renlampi, S., 2001. Clonal differences in copper and zinc tolerance of birch in metal-supplemented soils. Environmental Pollution, 112: 89-97.

-Landberg, T. and Greger, M., 2002. Differences in oxidative stress in heavy metal resistant and sensitive clones of Salix viminalis. Journal of Plant Physiology, 159: 69-75.

-Laureysens, I., Blust, R., Temmerman, L., Lemmens, C. and Ceulemans, R., 2004. Clonal variation in heavy metal accumulation and biomass production in a poplar coppice culture: I. Seasonal variation in leaf, wood and bark concentrations. Environmental Pollution, 131: 485-494.

-Lei, Y., Chen, K., Tian, X., Korpelainen, H. and Li, C., 2007. Effect of Mn toxicity on morphological and physiological changes in two Populus cathayana populations originating from different habitats. Trees, 21: 569-580.

-Lingua, G., Franchin, C., Todeschini, V., Castiglione, S., Biondi, S., Burlando, B., Parravicini, V., Torrigiani, P. and Berta, G., 2008. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi differentially affect the response to high zinc concentrations of two registered poplar clones. Environmental Pollution, 153: 147-157.

-Marschner, H., 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants, 2nd ed. Academic Press, London, 889P.

-Mataruga, Z., Jarić, S., Marković M., Pavlović, M., Pavlović, D., Jakovljević, K., Mitrović, M. and Pavlović, P., 2020. Evaluation of Salix alba, Juglans regia and Populus nigra as biomonitors of PTEs in the riparian soils of the Sava River. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 192, 131.

-Mclean, E.O., 1982. Soil pH and lime requirement. In: Page, A.L. (Ed.). Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties, Second Edition. Soil Science Society of America, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, PP. 199-224.

-Mleczek, M., Rutkowski, P., Kaniuczak, J., Szostek, M., Budka, A., Magdziak, Z., Budzyńska, S., Kuczyńska-Kippen, N. and Niedzielski, P., 2019. The significance of selected tree species age in their efficiency in elements phytoextraction from wastes mixture. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 16: 3579-3594.

-Nelson, D.W. and Sommers, L.E., 1996. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In: Sparks, D.L., et al., (Eds.). Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3: Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, Inc., American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 961-1010.

-Olsen, S.R., Cole, C.V., Watanabe, F.S. and Deen, L.A., 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. Circular Vol. 939, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C., 19p.

-Page, A.L., 1982. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties, Second Edition. American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Soil Science Society of America, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, 1159p.

-Patterson, S.J., Chanasyk, D.S., Naeth, M.A. and Mapfumo, E., 2008. Effect of municipal and pulp mill effluents on the chemical properties and nutrient status of a coarse-textured Brunisol in a growth chamber. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 88: 429-441.

-Pilipović, A., Zalesny, R.S., Rončević, S., Nikolić, N., Orlović, S., Beljinc, J. and Katanić, M., 2019. Growth, physiology, and phytoextraction potential of poplar and willow established in soils amended with heavy-metal contaminated, dredged river sediments. Journal of Environmental Management, 239: 352-365.

-Rhoades, J.D., 1982. Soluble salts. In: Page, A.L. (Ed.). Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties, Second Edition. American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Soil Science Society of America, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, pp. 167-179.

-Robinson, B.H., Green, S.R., Chancerel, B., Mills, T.M. and Clothier, B.E., 2007. Poplar for the phytomanagement of boron contaminated sites. Environmental Pollution, 150: 225-233.

-Salehi, A., 2020. Strategic approach to the use of unconventional waters in agricultural lands south of Tehran. Journal of Iran Nature, 5(5): 23-29 (In Persian).

-Salehi, A., Calagari, M. and Ahmadloo, F., 2021. Effect of soil and water affected by municipal effluent on performance one-year old plants of three black poplar (Populus nigra L.) clones. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 29(2): 114-127.

-Salehi, A., Tabari, M., Mohammadi, J. and Aliarab, A., 2008. Effect of irrigation with municipal effluent on soil and growth of Pinus eldarica Medw. trees. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 16(2): 186-196 (In Persian).

-Sankar Ganesh, K., Sundaramoorthy, P. and Chidambaram, A.L.A., 2006. Chromium toxicity effect on blackgram, soybean and paddy. Pollution Research, 25(4): 257-261.

-Shi, X., Zhang, X., Chen, G., Chen, Y., Wang, L. and Shan, X., 2011. Seedling growth and metal accumulation of selected woody species in copper and lead/zinc mine tailings. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 23(2): 266-274.

-Singh, G. and Bhati, M., 2005. Growth of Dalbergia sissoo in desert regions of western India using municipal effluent and the subsequent changes in soil and plant chemistry. Bioresource Technology, 96(9): 1019-1028.

-Tabari, M. and Salehi, A., 2009. Long-term impact of municipal sewage irrigation on treated soil and black locust trees in a semi-arid suburban area of Iran. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 21(10): 1438-1445.

-Todeschini, V., Franchin, C., Castiglione, S., Burlando, B., Biondi, S., Torrigiani, P., Berta, G. and Lingua, G., 2007. Responses of two registered poplar clones to copper, after inoculation, or not, with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Caryologia, 60: 146-155.

-Tsakou, A., Rouli, M. and Christodoulaki, N.S., 2003. Growth parameters and heavy metal accumulation in poplar tree cultures (Populus euramericana) utilizing water and sludge from a sewage treatment plant. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 71: 330-337.

-Tzanakakis, V.A., Paranychianakis, N.V. and Angelakis, A.N., 2009. Nutrient removal and biomass production in land treatment systems receiving domestic effluent. Ecological engineering, 35: 1485-1492.

-Umebese, C.E. and Motajo, A.F., 2008. Accumulation, tolerance and impact of aluminium, copper and zinc on growth and nitrate reductase activity of Ceratophyllum demersum (Hornwort). Journal of Environmental Biology, 29: 197-200.

-Unterbrunner, R., Puschenreiter, M., Sommer, P., Wieshammer, G., Tlustos, P., Zupan, M. and Wenzel, W.W., 2007. Heavy metal accumulation in trees growing on contaminated sites in Central Europe. Environmental Pollution, 148: 107-114.

-Zalesny Jr.R.S., Wiese, A.H., Bauer, E.O. and Riemenschneider, D.E., 2009. Ex situ growth and biomass of Populus bioenergy crops irrigated and fertilized with landfill leachate. Biomass and Bioenergy 33(1): 62-69.

-Zalesny, Jr.R.S. and Bauer, E.O., 2007. Evaluation of Populus and Salix continuously irrigated with landfill leachate I. Genotype-specific elemental phytoremediation. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 9: 281-306.