Related Links
The effect of planting date of maize hybrids in the different maturity groups on quantitative and qualitative yield of forage in Hamadan region | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| Volume 35, Issue 1 - Serial Number 134, August 2022, Pages 112-88 PDF (1.16 M) | ||
| Document Type: Research Paper | ||
| DOI: 10.22092/aj.2022.358124.1597 | ||
| Author | ||
| Mehdi Mottaghi* | ||
| Assistant Professor, Horticulture Crops Research Department, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Hamedan, Iran | ||
| Abstract | ||
| Introduction Maize (Zea mays L.) has high yield potential and suitable ensiling properties and is a valuable source of energy and nutrients for cattle (Johnson et al., 1999). Timely planting is critical for maximizing yield for both grain and biomass in maize and therefore, growers are concerned about the yield response of maize to planting date. However, optimum planting date may vary from area to area due to differences in climate and the length of the growing season where the crop is produced (Maresma et al., 2019). The cultivation of maize hybrids in Hamedan is done regardless of their growth period. So, the present study was conducted to determine the appropriate date for planting the hybrids of silage maize in the different maturity groups in Hamedan region. Materials and Methods A two-year experiment (2017 and 2018) was conducted at Ekbatan station of Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center in Hamedan province, Iran. The statistical design of experiment was a split plot, where planting dates (22 May, 10 June, 1 July and 21 July) were used as the main plot, and the hybrids with different maturity time (KSC201, KSC260, KSC400, KSC647, BC678, KSC703 and KSC70) as the subplots. Ten plants were randomly selected from each plot and plant height, stem diameter and fresh weight ratios of ear, stem and leaf to plant aerial parts were measured. To determine the fresh forage yield, a sample of 4 square meters was taken from each plot and weighed. Then, the samples were placed in an oven at 70 °C for 48 hours and after drying, they were weighed again to estimate the dry forage yield. The percentage of crude protein in dry forage was measured by Kajeldal method. Considering the occurrence of severe autumn cold in early of November that prevented the timely harvesting of hybrids with long growth period of KSC703 and KSC704 cultivated on the forth planting date, only the data obtained from the first to third planting dates was subjected to statistical analysis. Analysis of variance and comparisons of the mean effect of planting date and hybrid and their interactions were performed based on the least significant difference test (LSD) at a 5% probability level. Results and Discussion The results of compound analysis indicated that different planting dates differed in terms of all traits, except protein yield, and the highest amounts of fresh and dry forage yields (60008 and 18595 kg.ha-1, respectively) were for the first planting date and the lowest amounts of the mentioned traits (50643 and 14672 kg.ha-1, respectively) were for the third planting date. It seems that the high forage yields on the first planting date were due to the suitable temperature conditions that allowed the plant completed its growth period and increased the accumulation of photosynthetic materials. The effect of hybrid on all the traits was significant and KSC703 and KSC704 hybrids gave the highest values of fresh (71322 and 68443 kg.ha-1, respectively) and dry matter (21527 and 20197 kg.ha-1, respectively). The superiority of late (and medium) maturing hybrids over early maturing hybrids in terms of fresh and dry yields, may be due to the longer growth period. Despite KSC201, KSC260 and KSC400 hybrids gave the lowest amounts of growth period (78.06, 89.61 and 97.22 days), fresh yield (37469, 40499 and 45732 kg.ha-1, respectively) and dry yield (11620, 12395 and 14720 kg.ha-1, respectively), these hybrids showed the highest values of crude protein (14.63, 14.09 and 14.04%, respectively) and ear to plant weight ratio (38.44, 35.97 and 34.95%, respectively). Therefore, cultivation of the early maturing hybrids is recommended if high quality forage is targeted. Also, it is not recommended to delay the planting FAO maturity groups 700 and 600 maize to early summer season, due to excessive delay in land preparation for the cultivation of autumn crops. Conclusion Due to the possibility of timely harvest, acceptable yield and suitable forage quality of early maturing hybrids on the last planting date, in case of delay in planting date to late July in Hamedan region and areas with similar climate, planting early maturing hybrids (especially KSC400) is recommended. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Fresh and dry forage yields; dry matter percentage; crude protein and growth period | ||
| References | ||
|
Abdoli, M. 2020. Improving agronomic and morphological characteristics of forage maize by changing planting date and determining the most suitable harvest time in Varamin region. Journal of Plant Production, 10(1): 1-13 (In Persian with English Summary). Agricultural statistics. 2018. Ministry of Agricultural Jihad. Tehran, Iran, 127 pp (In Persian). Agricultural statistics. 2019. Ministry of Agricultural Jihad. Tehran, Iran, 125 pp (In Persian). Albayrak, S., Turk, M., Yukel, O., and Yilmaz, M. 2011. Forage yield and quality of perennial legume – grass mixtures under rainfed conditions. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici, 39(1): 114-118. Ansarinia, M., Mobaser, H., Nour Mohammadi, G.H., and Delkhosh, B. 2012. Determining of suitable sowing date for different corn hybrids in rice rotation system. New Finding In Agriculture, 6(4): 191-200 (In Persian with English Summary). Cheng, F.L., Du, X., Liu, M.X., Jin, X.L., and Cui, Y.H. 2011. Lodging of summer maize and the effects on grain yield. Journal of Maize Sciences, 19(1): 105-108. Choukan, R. 2012. Maize and maize properties. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) press, Tehran, Iran. 427 pp (In Persian). Dahmardeh, M., Ghanbari, A., Siahsar, B.A., and Ramroudi, M. 2010. Effect of planting ratio and harvest time on forage quality of maize in maize-cowpea intercropping. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 41(3): 633-642 (In Persian with English Summary). Darby, H.M., and Lauer, J.G. 2002. Harvest date and hybrid influence on corn forage yield, quality, and preservation. Agronomy Journal, 94(3): 559-566. Ehteshami, S.M.R., Ebrahimi, P., and Zand, B. 2013. Investigation of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of silage corn genotypes in Varamin region. Journal of Crop Production, 5 (4): 19-38 (In Persian with English Summary). Estakhr, A., and Choukan, R. 2006. Assessment of yield, yield components and correlations between them in exterior and internal corn hybrids. Journal Agricultural Sciences, 37(1): 85-91 (In Persian with English Summary). Gaile, Z. 2012. Maize (Zea mays L.) response to sowing timing under agro-climatic conditions of Latvia. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 99(1): 31-40. Hashempour Baltourk, F., Majidian, M., Esfahani, M., and Rabiei, B. 2013. Effect of sowing date on yield and quality of six forage maize cultivars in Rasht region. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 44(4): 657-666 (In Persian with English Summary). Jahangirlou, M.R., Kambouzia, J., Soufizadeh, S., Zand, E., and Rezayi, M. 2016. Determination of the nutritive value and metabolizable energy in Zea mays cultivars. International Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 3(1): 103-109. Johnson, L., Harrison, J.H., Hunt, C., Shinners, K., Doggett, C.G., and Sapienza, D. 1999. Nutritive value of corn silage as affected by maturity and mechanical processing: A contemporary review. Journal of dairy science, 82(12): 2813-2825. Khalili Mahaleh, J., Roshdi, M., and Doust, S. 2006. Comparison of the yield and yield components of maize hybrids in second cropping in Khoy region. Agroecology Journal, 2 (4): 65 -76 (In Persian with English Summary). Khandani, A.R. 2017. 101 questions about silage forage corn. Avay fahim press, Tehran, Iran. 120 pp (In Persian). Majidian, M., and Esfahani, M. 2013. Effect of sowing date on yield and some agronomic traits of six forage maize hybrids under Guilan agro-climatic conditions. Journal of Crop production and processing, 3 (9): 57-70 (In Persian with English Summary).
Maresma, A., Ballesta, A., Santiveri, F., and Lloveras, J. 2019. Sowing date affects maize development and yield in irrigated Mediterranean environments. Agriculture, 9(67): 1-10. Mirhadi, M.J. 2003. Corn. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) press, Tehran, Iran, 228 pp (In Persian). Salama, H.S.A. 2019. Yield and nutritive value of maize (Zea mays L.) forage as affected by plant density, sowing date and age at harvest. Italian Journal of Agronomy, 14(2): 114-122. Sanghera, G.S., Wani, S.H., Hussain, W., and Singh, N.B. 2011. Engineering cold stress tolerance in crop plants. Current Genomics, 12: 30–43. Santiago López, U., Rosales Nieto, C.A., Santiago López, E., Santiago López, N., Preciado Rangel, P., Palmo Gil, A., and Real, D. 2018. Yield of forage, grain and biomass in eight hybrids of maize with different sowing dates and environmental conditions. Revista mexicana de ciencias pecuarias, 9(1): 86-104. | ||
|
Statistics Article View: 268 PDF Download: 286 |
||
Journal management system. designed by sinaweb