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تحلیل انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای در پیاده سازی و بهره برداری سامانههای آبیاری قطرهای (مطالعه موردی: استان قزوین) | ||
| تحقیقات مهندسی سازه های آبیاری و زهکشی | ||
| دوره 23، شماره 87، آبان 1401، صفحه 20-46 اصل مقاله (1012.68 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/idser.2022.358345.1507 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهدی محمدخانی1؛ عباس ستوده نیا* 2؛ پیمان دانش کار اراسته2؛ هادی رمضانی3 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری، گروه آبیاری (علوم مهندسی آب)، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران | ||
| 2علوم ومهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی(ره)، قزوین، ایران | ||
| 3علوم مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی(ره)، قزوین، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سامانههای آبیاری تحت فشار ابزارهایی کارآمد در بهبود بهرهوری آب کشاورزی محسوب می‌شوند. افزایش بازده آبیاری منجر به صرفه‌جویی در آب کاربردی و افزایش بهرهوری آب می شود اما اجرا و بهره‌برداری از سامانه های آبیاری تحت فشار مستلزم تامین انرژی، ادوات و لوازم مرتبط است که انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای را به‌دنبال خواهد داشت. در این زمینه، یکی از عوامل موثر در تخریب محیط زیست، گرمایش جهانی ناشی از انتشار گاز دی اکسید کربن است. در پژوهش حاضر، 17 طرح سامانۀ آبیاری قطره ای اجرا شده در سال های 1399-1388 در سطح استان قزوین (برای باغ های پسته، سیب، انگور، هلو و گلابی) بهصورت تصادفی انتخاب و از منظر جریان انرژی و انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای ارزیابی شدند. مجموع انرژی ورودی و انتشار دی اکسید کربن برای سامانۀ آبیاری قطره ای با استفاده از ضریب های معادل انرژی و ضریب انتشار دی اکسید کربن محاسبه گردید. میانگین مقادیر سالیانه مجموع انرژی مصرفی و انتشار گاز گلخانه ای دی اکسید کربن معادل در سامانه های آبیاری مورد ارزیابی بهترتیب 36202/68 مگاژول بر هکتار و 1974/07 کیلوگرم بر هکتار به‌دست آمد. بیشترین سهم انرژی مصرفی و انتشار دیاکسید کربن بهترتیب با 85 و 86 درصد مربوط به مرحلۀ بهره‌برداری از ایستگاه پمپاژ بود. تولید لوازم مصرفی سامانه و حمل آن به محل اجرای پروژه بهترتیب 13 درصد از انرژی مصرفی و 11 درصد از انتشار دیاکسید کربن را به‌خود اختصاص دادهاست. با توجه به نتایج محاسبات جریان انرژی و انتشار دیاکسید کربن، با فرض مدت زمان پانزده ساله برای عمر اقتصادی و مفید سامانههای آبیاری قطرهای مطالعاتی، میانگین مجموع مصرف انرژی و انتشار گازهای گلخانه‌ای ناشی از تامین لوازم، نصب سامانه و کارکرد ایستگاه پمپاژ بهترتیب 543/035 گیگاژول بر هکتار و 29/611 تن گاز دیاکسید کربن معادل بر هکتار به‌دست آمد. نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد فرضیات مورد استفاده در برآورد نیاز آبی گیاه ، مقدار انتشار دیاکسید کربن معادل برآوردی را تا حدود 33 درصد متاثر می‌سازد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| انرژی معادل؛ پتانسیل گرمایش جهانی؛ جریان انرژی؛ دیاکسید کربن معادل؛ سامانه قطرهای | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Greenhouse Gas Emission Analysis of Drip Irrigation Systems (A Case Study: Qazvin Province, Iran) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| mehdie mohammadkhanie1؛ abbas sotoodehnia2؛ Peyman Daneshkar Arasteh2؛ Hadi Ramezani Etedali3 | ||
| 1phd student, Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resourses, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran | ||
| 2Associate professor, Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resourses, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran | ||
| 3Associate professor, Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resourses, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Pressurized irrigation systems are efficient tools to improve agricultural water productivity. However, the implementation and operation of pressurized irrigation systems require energy supply, related tools, and equipment, followed by greenhouse gas emissions. In this regard, one of the factors in the degradation of the environment is the phenomenon of global warming due to carbon dioxide emissions. The country's agricultural authorities have considered and invested in developing and implementing pressurized irrigation systems as one of the main approaches for proper water use. Due to the phenomenon of global warming, the primary source of which is greenhouse gas emissions. Any activity in the production of equipment, energy, and mechanization of irrigation systems leads to the production of greenhouse gases, increasing the air temperature and crop water requirements. If the irrigation systems are evaluated from an environmental point of view, air pollutants emissions can be considered an influential factor. This issue has been neglected in the country concerning systems evaluation. Materials and methods In the present study, drip irrigation systems implemented in Qazvin province during 2010-2020 were randomly selected and evaluated for energy flow and greenhouse gas emissions. In this research, 17 drip irrigation systems, including pistachio, apple, peach, and nectarine crops, were randomly selected and studied in terms of energy flow and emissions of greenhouse gases. According to the energy equivalent coefficients and carbon dioxide emissions coefficient, the total input energy and carbon dioxide emissions for the drip irrigation systems were calculated. In this research, after collecting data on the drip irrigation systems, we used drilling machines, welding equipment, and manpower based on the equivalent energy extracted from the sources for each stage of equal energy in terms of Megajoules. The process of implementation and operation of the irrigation system was calculated. Then we used greenhouse gas emission coefficients for three crucial greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and methane, and considered the global warming potential of each gas using the relation that "i" is The amount of carbon dioxide equivalent to the emitted from the installation and operation of the drip system. Results and discussion The results showed that the total annual energy consumption and carbon dioxide greenhouse gas emissions in the evaluated irrigation systems averaged 36,2022.68 MJ per hectare and 1974.07 Kg/ha, respectively. It was found that the highest contribution of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, with 85% and 86%, respectively, are related to the operation stage of the pumping station system. Besides, the production and transporting of the system equipment accounted for 13% of energy consumption and 10.93% of carbon dioxide emission. According to the results of the energy calculations and carbon dioxide emissions and considering the operating period of 15 years for the drip irrigation systems, energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission are 534,035 GJ/ha and 29.611 tons/ha, respectively. These values were calculated based on considering the processes of equipment supply, system installation, and the operation of the pumping station. Conclusion The findings of this study showed that the amount of energy consumed and carbon dioxide emissions in different stages of drip irrigation systems were very different. The energy consumption in the pumping station to provide the required working pressure had the largest impact. Energy consumption could be reduced by applying water consumption management, selecting pumps with higher efficiency, and avoiding imposing additional load on the network. On the other hand, due to the efficiency of electricity production in power plants in Iran and its efficiency of transmission and distribution, if the mentioned efficiencies were improved, the equivalent of energy consumption due to electricity consumption in the pumping stage would be reduced. Due to the topographic conditions and geometric shape of farms and their distance from factories producing equipment, energy consumption and subsequent carbon dioxide emissions for different farms will not be a fixed number. The impact of all practical steps except pumping energy consumption will be reduced annually. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Equivalent energy, Global warming potential, Energy flow, Equivalent carbon dioxide, Drip system | ||
| مراجع | ||
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