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بررسی تأثیر بسترهای مختلف کاشت بر تغییرات ویژگیهای رویشی، اسانس و ترکیبات آن در طول سالهای رشد در مرزه موتیکا (Satureja mutica Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) در شرایط دیم | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 11، دوره 40، شماره 1، فروردین 1403، صفحه 174-190 اصل مقاله (804.2 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2021.355365.3031 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| بابک بحرینی نژاد* 1؛ فاطمه سفیدکن2؛ محمدحسین لباسچی3؛ زهرا جابرالانصار4 | ||
| 1استادیار، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، | ||
| 2استاد بخش تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و محصولات فرعی، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 3دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و محصولات فرعی، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 4محقق بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: آگاهی از تغییرات کمّی و کیفی گیاهان دارویی در طول زمان یکی از مهمترین اهداف مدیریت کشاورزی است. گیاه مرزه موتیکا با نام علمی Satureja mutica Fisch. & C.A. Mey. یکی از گونههای دارویی ارزشمند است که بهصورت خودرو در ایران رویش دارد. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر بسترهای مختلف کاشت بر تغییرات ویژگیهای رویشی، عملکرد، اسانس و ترکیبات آن در طول سالهای مختلف رویش در گونه مرزه موتیکا در شرایط دیم اجرا شد. مواد و روشها: آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی به مدت سه سال (1399-1397) در شرایط دیم شهرستان فریدونشهر-استان اصفهان انجام شد. بستر کاشت بهعنوان پلات اصلی شامل کود گاوی (30 تن در هکتار)، کاه گندم (10 تن در هکتار) و شاهد (بدون کود گاوی و کاه گندم) بود. کشت نشاء پس از آمادهسازی مزرعه در کف جویهای ایجاد شده به فاصله 50×50 سانتیمتر از یکدیگر انجام شد. در طول فصل رشد و در زمان 50% گلدهی صفات مورد بررسی شامل وزن خشک کل گیاه، وزن خشک برگ و ساقه، ارتفاع گیاه، قطر بوته، مساحت تاجپوشش برای هر بوته و تاجپوشش در هر مترمربع زمین و تعداد ساقه در هر بوته اندازهگیری شد. برای اسانسگیری، سرشاخه گلدار گیاهان در مرحله گلدهی کامل برداشت شد و پس از خشک شدن در سایه به روش تقطیر با آب اسانسگیری گردید. پس از تعیین بازده اسانس براساس وزن خشک گیاه، اسانسها بهوسیله کروماتوگرافی گازی و کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیفسنج جرمی در آزمایشگاه فیتوشیمی مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور تجزیه و شناسایی گردید. برای انجام محاسبات آماری از برنامه رایانهای SAS و برای مقایسه میانگینها از آزمون LSD استفاده شد. نتایج: تجزیه واریانس دادهها نشان داد که اثرهای بستر، سال و اثرهای متقابل آنها بر روی صفات اندازهگیری شده در بسیاری از موارد معنیدار بود. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین مقادیر ارتفاع گیاه، قطر بوته، تاجپوشش و تعداد ساقه در هر بوته در سال نخست در تیمار کود حیوانی و در سال پایانی در تیمار شاهد دیده شد. بیشترین مقادیر وزن خشک کل و برگ، عملکرد اسانس و بازده اسانس بهترتیب با 1427، 891 و 42 کیلوگرم در هکتار و 4.67% در سال سوم در تیمار بستر شاهد مشاهده شد. مهمترین ترکیبات شناسایی شده تیمول، کارواکرول، پارا-سیمن و گاما-ترپینن بودند. مقادیر هریک از این ترکیبات تحت تأثیر اثرهای بستر و سال رویش قرار گرفت. بهطوری که در مورد پارا-سیمن بیشترین مقدار بدست آمده در سال اول در تیمار کاه بود. بیشترین مقادیر گاما-ترپینن در هر سه تیمار بستر کشت در سال آخر رویش مشاهده شد. مرزه موتیکا دارای مقادیر قابل توجهی تیمول بود و روند تغییرات در بین تیمارهای بستر و در طول سالهای رویش بسیار اندک بود. بیشترین مقادیر کارواکرول در تیمار کاه و کود حیوانی در سال دوم رویش بود. نتایج ضرایب همبستگی نشان داد که مهمترین صفات تأثیرگذار بر عملکرد اسانس شامل وزن خشک کل، برگ و ساقه و بازده اسانس بودند. از سوی دیگر، تغییرات تیمول با پارا-سیمن و کارواکرول با گاما-ترپینن با یکدیگر نسبت معکوس داشتند. نتیجهگیری: در مجموع، برای تولید مرزه موتیکا در شرایط دیم و مشابه با این پژوهش اگرچه بکارگیری کودهای دامی و کاه بر تولید عملکرد محصول و اسانس آن طی سالهای اول و دوم تأثیرگذار بودند اما در سال سوم این اثرگذاری کاهش یافت و تیمار شاهد نسبت به تیمارهای کاه و کود برتری داشت. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| گیاهان دارویی؛ مرزه (Satureja)؛ کاه؛ کود حیوانی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigating the effects of different planting bed on vegetative characteristics and essential oil components changes over the years of growth in Satureja mutica Fisch. & C.A. Mey. under rainfed condition | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Babak Bahreininejad1؛ Fatemeh Sefidkon2؛ M.H. Lebaschy3؛ Zahra Jaberalansar4 | ||
| 11- Assistant Professor, Research Division of Natural Resources,Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Isfahan, Iran | ||
| 22- Professor of Medicinal Plants and By-products Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| 33- Associate Professor, Medicinal Plants and By-products Research Division, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| 4Researcher of Research Division of Natural Resources,Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center,AREEO, Isfahan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and objectives: Awareness of changes in medicinal plant yield quantity and quality over time is one of the most important goals in agricultural management. Satureja mutica is one of the valuable medicinal species growing in Iran. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different planting beds on changes in vegetative characteristics and essential oil components over the years of growth in S. mutica under rainfed conditions. Methodology: The experiment was conducted in the form of split plots in a randomized complete block design for three years (2018-2020) in the rainy conditions of Feridounshahr city, Isfahan province. Planting beds as the main plot included cow manure (30 tons per hectare), wheat straw (10 tons per hectare), and control (without cow manure and wheat straw). After the preparation of the field, the seedlings were planted at the bottom of the wells created at a distance of 50 x 50 cm from each other. During the growing season and at the time of 50% flowering, the studied traits including total plant dry weight, leaf and stem dry weight, plant height, crown diameter per plant, canopy area per plant, and in each square meter of land and the number of stems per plant were measured. For essential oil extraction, the flowering branches of the plants were harvested at the full flowering stage. After drying in the shade, the essential oil was extracted by the water distillation method. After determining the yield of essential oils based on the dry weight of the plant, the essential oils were analyzed and identified by gas chromatography, and gas chromatography was connected to a mass spectrometer in the phytochemistry laboratory of the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. Considering that the plant is several years old and measurements are carried out every year on fixed plots, the design analysis was done on divided plots at the time of implementation. The SAS computer program was used to perform statistical calculations, and the LSD test was applied to compare the means. For essential oil extraction, the flowering branch of the plant was harvested at the full flowering stage. After drying in the shade, the essential oil was extracted by the water distillation method. After determining the yield of essential oils based on the dry weight of the plant, the essential oils were analyzed and identified by gas chromatography, and gas chromatography was connected to a mass spectrometer in the phytochemistry laboratory of the Research Institute of Forests and Pastures. The SAS computer program was used to perform statistical calculations, and the LSD test was used to compare the means. Results: The variance analysis of the data showed that the effects of bed, year, and their interaction effects on the measured traits were significant in many cases. Results showed that the highest values of plant height, crown diameter, canopy area, and number of stems per plant in the first year were seen in manure treatment. In the last year, they were in control. The highest rates of total dry weight, leaf dry weight, essential oil yield, and essential oil percentage were observed in control in the last year. These rates were 1427, 891, 42 kg ha-1, and 4.67%, respectively. The main essential oil components are thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene, and gamma-terpinene. These essential oil components are affected by the planting bed and the growth year. So in the case of p-cymene, the highest amount obtained in the first year was in the straw treatment. The highest amounts of gamma-terpinene were observed in all three planting bed treatments in the last year of growth. S. mutica had significant amounts of thymol, and the trend of changes among planting bed treatments and during growing years was very small. The highest amounts of carvacrol were observed in straw treatment and animal manure in the second year of growth. The results of the correlation coefficients showed that the most vital traits affecting essential oil yield were total dry weight, leaf and stem, and essential oil percentage. Thymol and p-cymene were inversely correlated with carvacrol and gamma-terpinene. Conclusion: On the whole, to produce S. mutica under rainfed conditions similar to this study, manure or straw could affect yield and essential oil over the first and second years; however, in the third year, this effect diminished, and control treatment was superior to straw and manure treatments. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Medicinal plants, savory, wheat straw, cow manure | ||
| مراجع | ||
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