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The effect of surfactant type and its concentration on the efficacy of the selective herbicide of sugar beet (Betanal Progress O.F.) | ||
| چغندرقند | ||
| Article 9, Volume 38, Issue 1, September 2022, Pages 109-122 PDF (1.47 M) | ||
| Document Type: Scientific - Research | ||
| DOI: 10.22092/jsb.2023.359185.1308 | ||
| Authors | ||
| A. Aliverdi* 1; M. Malmir2 | ||
| 1Associate professor in Weed Science, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. | ||
| 2Bachelor’s Degree in Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| In this study, the effect of adding six concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4% v/v) of three surfactant types (non-ionic surfactant Citoweet®, cationic surfactant Frigate®, and anionic surfactant Dioctyl®) to the spray solutions containing six doses (0, 51.375, 102,75, 205.5, 411, and 822 g a.i. ha-1) of phenmedipham + desmedipham + etofumisate (Betanal Progress® O.F.) against Alopecurus myosuroides was evaluated. Moreover, the physical properties of these spray solutions and a 5 μl-droplet of them on the leaf surface of A. myosuroide were evaluated to determine the mechanism of surfactants activity. The critical micelle concentration of Citoweet®, Frigate®, and Dioctyl® surfactants was detected at 0.2, 0.2, and 0.1% v/v with a surface tension of 31.5, 38.1, and 32.5 mN m-1, respectively. Adding the surfactants to spray solution reduced the contact angle of the droplet with the leaf surface, increased the wetted area of the leaf, decreased the evaporation time of the droplet from the leaf surface, decreased the spray droplet size, increased the wetted area of moisture sensitive paper with spraying and increased the efficacy of Betanal Progress® O.F. against A. myosuroide, which all depended on the concentration of surfactants. The performance of surfactants ranked as Dioctyl® > Citoweet® > Frigate®. The concentrations above 0.2% v/v for Citoweet® and 0.15% v/v for Dioctyl® had no effect in improving herbicide efficacy; therefore, the application of higher concentrations was just a waste of extra surfactant. In the case of Frigate®, the concentrations above 0.15% v/v reduced herbicide efficacy; therefore, the application of higher concentrations is not only a waste of extra surfactant but also impose weed damage to sugar beet yield due to a reduced herbicide efficacy. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Droplet contact area; Droplet contact angle; Droplet evaporation time; Surface tension; Sugar beet | ||
| References | ||
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