| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,027 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,815 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 45,179,048 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 57,800,230 |
مدل‌سازی تغییرات موجودی کربن در ارتباط با خاک بستر زیرین خشک‌دار | ||
| تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 31، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 91، خرداد 1402، صفحه 41-56 اصل مقاله (557.07 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: علمی- پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijfpr.2023.361666.2094 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سعید شعبانی* 1؛ علی اصغر واحدی2؛ اکرم احمدی3؛ حسن فرامرزی4 | ||
| 1نویسنده مسئول، استادیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران | ||
| 4دکتری جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت‌مدرس، نور، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| ازآنجاکه خشک‌دار حاوی مقدار قابل‌توجهی مواد آلی است، نقش مهمی در پویایی بوم‌سازگان جنگل ایفا می‌کند. براین‌اساس، در پژوهش پیش‌رو تغییرات موجودی کربن خاک در ارتباط با ویژگی‌های خشک‌دار و خاک بستر زیرین آن در توده‌های پهن‌برگ سری لوه استان گلستان با استفاده از تجزیه به مؤلفه اصلی و مدل جنگل تصادفی بررسی شد. مشخصه‌های 15 خشک‌دار افتاده از گونه‌های ممرز (Carpinus betulus L.)، بلندمازو (Quercus castaneifolia C.A.Mey.)، شیردار (Acer cappadocicum Gled.) و انجیلی (Parrotia persica C.A.Mey.) در سه درجه پوسیدگی سه تا پنج ثبت شد. سپس، نمونه‌گیری از خاک زیرین آن‌ها تا عمق 15 سانتی‌متر انجام گرفت. مدل جنگل تصادفی براساس ارتباط بین متغیر وابســته (موجودی کربن) و متغیرهای مستقل (عامل‌های مؤثر) در نرم‌افزار R و با بسته نرم‌افزاری randomForest اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که مدل جنگل تصادفی حدود 54 درصد از تغییرات موجودی کربن خاک را با به‌کارگیری مؤلفه‌های مورد مطالعه توجیه می‌کند. براساس مدل نهایی، موجودی کربن خاک اطراف خشک‌دار اغلب تحت تأثیر سه مؤلفه نسبت کربن به نیتروژن، درصد نیتروژن و pH خاک است. به‌طوری‌که در یک روند کلی، با افزایش نسبت کربن به نیتروژن و مقدار نیتروژن کل و کاهش pH به موجودی کربن خاک اطراف خشک‌دار افزوده می‌شود. یافته‌های پژوهش پیش‌رو حاکی از آن است که خشک‌دارها به‌ویژه در بوم‌سازگان‌های جنگلی کهن، پتانسیل بسیار زیادی برای ذخیره کربن خاک فراهم می‌کنند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پهن‌برگ آمیخته؛ جنگل هیرکانی؛ حوضچه کربن؛ درجه پوسیدگی؛ زی‌توده | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Modeling changes in soil carbon stock concerning the soil beneath dead tree | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| S. Shabani1؛ A.A. Vahedi2؛ A. Ahmadi3؛ H. Faramarzi4 | ||
| 1Corresponding author, Assistant Prof., Research Department of Natural Resources, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Gorgan, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Prof., Research Department of Natural Resources, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sari, Iran | ||
| 3Assistant Prof., Research Department of Natural Resources, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Gorgan, Iran | ||
| 4Ph.D. of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Noor, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Since dead trees contain significant amounts of organic matter, they play an essential role in forest dynamics. In the present study, the changes in soil carbon stock were studied in relation to the dead tree features and its soil beneath in mixed broadleaf stands of Loveh forest in Golestan province, Iran using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and random forest model. For this purpose, the characteristics of 15 dead trees consisting of hornbeam, oak, Cappadocian maple, and ironwood were recorded in three decay classes 3 to 5, and the soil beneath them was collected from a depth of 0 to 15. The random forest model was implemented based on the relationship between the dependent variable (carbon stock) and the independent variables (effective factors) using the randomForest package in R software. The results showed that using the studied parameters, the random forest model justifies about 54% of the changes in soil carbon stock. According to the final model, the carbon stock of the soil beneath of dead tree is most affected by the three parameters of C/N ratio, nitrogen (%), and soil pH, so in a general trend with the increase of C/N ratio and nitrogen (%) and the decrease of pH, the amount of soil carbon stock around the dead tree has been increased. The present study's findings indicate that dead trees provide great potential for soil carbon storage, especially when faced with an old-growth forest ecosystem. | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Aakala, T., Kuuluvainen, T., Gauthier, S. and De Grandpré, L., 2008. Standing dead trees and their decay-class dynamics in the northeastern boreal old-growth forests of Quebec. Forest Ecology and Management, 255(3-4): 410-420. - Abebe, S., Gebeyehu, G., Teketay, D., Long, T.T. and Jayaraman, D., 2023. Allometric models for estimating biomass storage and carbon stock potential of Oldeania alpina (K. Schum.) Stapleton forests of south-western Ethiopia. Advances in Bamboo Science, 2: 100008. - Ali Ehyaei, M. and Behbahanizadeh, A.A., 1993. Description of soil chemical methods. Journal of Soil and Water Research Institute, 892: 128p (In Persian with English summary). - Alidadi, F., Marvie Mohadjer, M.R., Etemad, V. and Sefidi, K., 2014. Decay dynamics of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) and hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) deadwood in mixed beech stands. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 22(4): 624-635 (In Persian with English summary). - Anonymous, 2013. Revision of forestry plan, series 4 Loveh, Shalizamin. General Office of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Golestan Province, Forests, Range and Watershed Management Organization, Gorgan, Iran, 368p (In Persian). - Balkovič, J., Madaras, M., Skalský, R., Folberth, C., Smatanová, M., Schmid, E., ... and Obersteiner, M., 2020. Verifiable soil organic carbon modelling to facilitate regional reporting of cropland carbon change: A test case in the Czech Republic. Journal of Environmental Management, 274: 111206. - Błońska, E., Kacprzyk, M. and Spólnik, A., 2017. Effect of deadwood of different tree species in various stages of decomposition on biochemical soil properties and carbon storage. Ecological Research, 32: 193-203. - Błońska, E., Lasota, J., Tullus, A., Lutter, R. and Ostonen, I., 2019. Impact of deadwood decomposition on soil organic carbon sequestration in Estonian and Polish forests. Annals of Forest Science, 76: 102. - Breiman, L., 2001. Random forests. Machin Learning, 45(1): 5-32. - Chen, F.S., Niklas, K.J., Liu, Y., Fang, X.M., Wan, S.Z. and Wang, H., 2015. Nitrogen and phosphorus additions alter nutrient dynamics but not resorption efficiencies of Chinese fir leaves and twigs differing in age. Tree Physiology, 35: 1106-1117. - Dai, X., Zhou, W., Liu, G., Liang, G., He, P. and Liu, Z., 2019. Soil C/N and pH together as a comprehensive indicator for evaluating the effects of organic substitution management in subtropical paddy fields after application of high-quality amendments. Geoderma, 337: 1116-1125. - Dean, C., Kirkpatrick, J.B., Doyle, R.B., Osborn, J., Fitzgerald, N.B. and Roxburgh, S.H., 2020. The overlooked soil carbon under large, old trees. Geoderma, 376: 114541. - Fallahchai, M.M., Salehi, A., Shah Maghsoud, M., Ghorbanzadeh, N. and Hemmati, V., 2018. The effect of distance and decay degree of Populus caspica Bornm. dead trees on some soil chemical properties. Iranian Journal of Forest, 10(1): 197-205 (In Persian with English summary). - Fang, X., Zhu, Y.L., Liu, J.D., Lin, X.P., Sun, H.Z., Tang, X.H., ... and Yi, Z.G., 2022. Effects of moisture and temperature on soil organic carbon decomposition along a vegetation restoration gradient of subtropical China. Forests, 13(4): 578. - Guo, L.B., Bek., E. and Gifford, R.M., 2006. Woody debris in a 16-year old Pinus radiata plantation in Australia: Mass, carbon and nitrogen stocks, and turnover. Forest Ecology and Management, 228: 145-151. - Hagemann, U., Moroni, M.T., Gleißner, J. and Makeschin, F., 2010. Accumulation and preservation of dead wood upon Burial by bryophytes. Ecosystems, 13: 600-611. - Han, S., Williamson, B.D. and Fong, Y., 2021. Improving random forest predictions in small datasets from two-phase sampling designs. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 21: 322. - Hogland, J. and Affleck, D.L.R., 2021. Improving estimates of natural resources using model-based estimators: Impacts of sample design, estimation technique, and strengths of association. Remote Sensing, 13(19): 3893. - Hollands, C., Shannon, V.L., Sawicka, K., Vanguelova, E.I., Benham, S.E., Shaw, L.J. and Clark, J.M., 2022. Management impacts on the dissolved organic carbon release from deadwood, ground vegetation and the forest floor in a temperate oak woodland. Science of the Total Environment, 805: 150399. - Hong, S., Gan, P. and Chen, A., 2019. Environmental controls on soil pH in planted forest and its response to nitrogen deposition. Environmental Research, 172: 159-165. - Johnson, D.W. and Curtis, P.S., 2001. Effects of forest management on soil C and N storage: meta analysis. Forest Ecology and Management, 140: 227-238. - Kahl, T., Mund, M., Bauhus, J. and Schulze, E.D., 2012. Dissolved organic carbon from European beech logs: patterns of input to and retention by surface soil. Écoscience, 19: 364-373. - Keiluweit, M., Bougoure, J.J., Nico, P.S., Pett-Ridge, J., Weber, P.K. and Kleber, M., 2015. Mineral protection of soil carbon counteracted by root exudates. Nature Climate Change, 5: 588-595. - Kicklighter, D.W., Melillo, J.M., Monier, E., Sokolov, A.P. and Zhuang, Q., 2019. Future nitrogen availability and its effect on carbon sequestration in Northern Eurasia. Nature Communications, 10: 324. - Kooch, Y., 2012. Soil variability related to pit and mound, canopy cover and individual tree in a Hyrcanian Oriental beech stand, northern Iran. PhD thesis, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran, 155p (In Persian) - Lehmann, J. and Kleber, M., 2015. The contentious nature of soil organic matter. Nature, 528: 60-68. - Matus, F.J., 2021. Fine silt and clay content is the main factor defining maximal C and N accumulations in soils: a meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 11: 6438. - Mildrexler, D.J., Berner, L.T., Law, B.E., Birdsey, R.A. and Moomaw, W.R., 2020. Large trees dominate carbon storage in forests east of the Cascade Crest in the United States Pacific Northwest. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 3: 594274. - Minnich, C., Peršoh, D., Poll, C. and Borken, W., 2021. Changes in chemical and microbial soil parameters following 8 years of deadwood decay: an experiment with logs of 13 tree species in 30 forests. Ecosystems, 24(4): 955-967. - Mohammadnezhad Kiasari, Sh., Sagheb-Talebi, Kh., Espahbodi, K., Shahabian, M., Amini, Sh. and Alavi, S.H., 2020. Comparison of the characteristics of dead trees in a parcel managed by the single selection method with a control parcel (case study: Haftkhal Neka forests - Mazandaran). Sustainable Management of Hyrcanian Forests, 2(1): 75-84 (In Persian). - Morison, J., Matthews, R., Miller, G., Perks, M., Randle, T., Vanguelova, E., ... and Yamulki, S., 2012. Understanding the carbon and greenhouse gas balance of forests in Britain. Research Report, Edinburg, UK, 159p. - Pan, Y., Birdsey, R.A., Fang, J., Houghton, R., Kauppi, P.E., Kurz, W.A., ... and Hayes, D., 2011. A large and persistent carbon sink in the world’s forests. Science, 333(6045): 988-993. - Parhizkar, P., Sagheb-Talebi, Kh., Mattaji, A., Namiranian, M., Hasani, M. and Mortazavi, M., 2011. Tree and regeneration conditions within development stages in Kelardasht beech forest (Case study: reserve area-Langa). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 19(1): 141-153 (In Persian with English summary). - Pfeifer, M., Lefebvre, V., Turner, E., Cusack, J., Khoo, M., Chey, V.K., ... and Ewers, R.M., 2015. Deadwood biomass: an underestimated carbon stock in degraded tropical forests? Environmental Research Letters, 10(4): 044019. - Runkle, J.R., 1982. Patterns of disturbance in some old-growth mesic forests of eastern North America. Ecology, 63: 1533-1546. - Sefidi, K. and Mohadjer, M.R., 2009. Amount and quality of dead trees (snag and logs) in a mixed beech forest with different management histories. Journal of Forest and Wood Products, 62(2): 191-202 (In Persian with English summary). - Sefidi, K., Esfandiari Dorabad, F. and Sharari, M., 2016. The decay time and rate determination in oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) dead trees in Asalem forests. Journal of Environmental Studies, 42(3): 551-563 (In Persian with English summary). - Shabani, S. and Akbarinia, M., 2017. Prediction spatial patterns of windthrow phenomenon in deciduous temperate forests using logistic regression and random forest. Cerne, 23(3): 387-394. - Shannon, V.L., Vanguelova, E.I., Morison, J.I.L., Shaw, L.J. and Clark, J.M., 2022. The contribution of deadwood to soil carbon dynamics in contrasting temperate forest ecosystems. European Journal of Forest Research, 141: 241-252. - Smith, P., Soussana, J.F., Angers, D., Schipper, L., Chenu, C., Rasse, D.P., ... and Klumpp, K., 2020. How to measure, report and verify soil carbon change to realize the potential of soil carbon sequestration for atmospheric greenhouse gas removal. Global Change Biology, 26: 219-241. - Tarus, G.K. and Nadir, S.W., 2020. Effect of forest management types on soil carbon stocks in Montane forests: A case study of Eastern Mau Forest in Kenya. International Journal of Forestry Research: 8862813. - Terrer, C., Vicca, S., Stocker, B.D., Hungate, B.A., Phillips, R.P., Reich, P.B., ... and Prentice, I.C., 2018. Ecosystem responses to elevated CO2 governed by plant–soil interactions and the cost of nitrogen acquisition. New Phytologist, 217(2): 507-522. - Vahedi, A.A., 2017. Monitoring soil carbon pool in the Hyrcanian coastal plain forest of Iran: Artificial neural network application in comparison with developing traditional models. Catena, 152: 182-189. - Vangi, E., D'Amico, G., Francini, S., Borghi, C., Giannetti, F., Corona, P., … and Chirici, G., 2023. Large-scale high-resolution yearly modeling of forest growing stock volume and above-ground carbon pool. Environmental Modelling and Software, 159: 105580. - Wiesmeier, M., Poeplau, C., Sierra, C.A., Maier, H., Frühauf, C., Hübner, R., ... and Kögel-Knabner, J., 2016. Projected loss of soil organic carbon in temperate agricultural soils in the 21st century: effects of climate change and carbon input trends. Scientific Reports, 6: 32525. - Wu, C., Mo, Q., Wang, H., Zhang, Z., Huang, G., Ye, Q., ... and Wang, G.G., 2018. Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carriere) J. Houzeau) invasion affects soil phosphorus dynamics in adjacent coniferous forests in subtropical China. Annals of Forest Science, 75: 24. - Wu, C., Zhang, Z., Shu, C., Mo, Q., Wang, H., Kong, F., ... and Liu, Y., 2020. The response of coarse woody debris decomposition and microbial community to nutrient additions in a subtropical forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 460: 117799. - Zhou, G., Xu, S., Ciais, P., Manzoni, S., Fang, J., Yu, G., ... and Chen, X., 2019. Climate and litter C/N ratio constrain soil organic carbon accumulation. National Science Review, 6: 746-757. - Zhou, W., Han, G., Liu, M. and Li, X., 2019. Effects of soil pH and texture on soil carbon and nitrogen in soil profiles under different land uses in Mun River Basin, Northeast Thailand. PeerJ, 7: e7880. - Zou, J., Wu, J., Osborne, B., Tobin, B. and Luo, Y., 2021. Nitrogen accumulation, rather than carbon: nitrogen stoichiometric variation, underlies carbon storage during forest succession. Environmental Research Letters, 16(2): 024055. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 381 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 344 |
||