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بررسی اثر کاربرد نتایج تحقیقات به‌زراعی بر عملکرد و بهره‌وری آب چند محصول در شمال خوزستان | ||
| تحقیقات مهندسی سازه های آبیاری و زهکشی | ||
| دوره 23، شماره 89، اسفند 1401، صفحه 47-69 اصل مقاله (924 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/idser.2023.361992.1541 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علیرضا توکلی* 1؛ محمد خرمیان2؛ جواد قاسمی3 | ||
| 1دانشیار، موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران، | ||
| 2استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی صفی‌آباد دزفول، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، دزفول، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار، موسسه آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به‌منظور انتقال دانش، افزایش تولید و بهره‌وری آب در سطح مزارع بهرهبرداران، پژوهش در قالب 52 سایت الگویی برای 504 هکتار از زمینهای احیا شده طرح 550 هزار هکتاری دشت‌های خوزستان و ایلام در شهرستان‌های دزفول، شوش، شوشتر و اندیمشک طی سال‌های زراعی 98-1396 اجرا شد. این فعالیت‌ها در قالب بسته‌های دانشی برتر (اصلاح آرایش کشت، تغذیه کودی متعادل، کشت نشائی، طول بهینه جویچه و یا نوار، انتخاب ارقام مناسب، حفظ بقایا با خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی و مدیریت آبیاری) متناسب با محصولات مختلف به اجرا در آمد. محصولات منتخب شامل گندم، ذرت، کلزا، چغندرقند، ماش، پیاز، کلم، کاهو، بادمجان، لوبیا و مرکبات بود. در کنار سایت‌های الگویی، مزارع شاهد نیز بررسی و ارزیابی شدند که تحت مدیریت مرسوم قرار داشتند. نتیجۀ مقایسه میانگین‌ها در تیمار مدیریت برتر (سایت اصلی) با مدیریت مرسوم (شاهد) توسط آزمون t، حاکی از وجود تفاوت معنی‌دار در افزایش عملکرد و بهبود بهره‌وری آب بود. نتایج این پژوهش که با مشارکت محققان، مروجان و کارشناسان سازمان جهاد کشاورزی در شرایط بهرهبرداران و با مشارکت 1201 نفر از آن ها در سایت اصلی و واحدهای تابعی سایت صورت گرفت، نشان داد که با فراگیر شدن نتایج می‌توان انتظار داشت که میزان کل تولید محصولات، حتی با کاهش مصرف آب آبیاری، افزایش یابد. میزان افزایش قابل انتظار تولید گندم، کلزا، چغندرقند، ذرت، ماش و مرکبات در شهرستان شوش بین 7 تا 29/6 درصد؛ میزان افزایش قابل انتظار تولید گندم، کلزا و لوبیا در شهرستان شوشتر بین 10/8 تا 38/9 درصد؛ میزان افزایش قابل انتظار تولید گندم، ذرت و بادمجان در شهرستان اندیمشک بین 8/7 تا 5/16 درصد؛ و میزان افزایش قابل انتظار تولید گندم، کلزا، چغندرقند، ذرت، پیاز، کاهو، کلم و مرکبات در شهرستان دزفول بین 5 تا 64 درصد بود. میزان افزایش بهره‌وری در سایت‌های اصلی، نسبت به تیمار شاهد، بین4/5 تا 93/6 درصد بسته به نوع محصول بوده است. بنابراین، با توجه به ماهیت سایت‌های الگویی که توأم با مشارکت بهرهبرداران در فرآیندهای فراگیری و بهکارگیری بسته‌های دانشی برتر است، بهکارگیری نتایج تحقیقات در مزارع بهرهبرداران می‌تواند به جبران خلأ عملکرد، کاهش مصرف آب و ارتقای بهره‌وری آب کمک کند. . | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| افزایش تولید؛ ترویج کشاورزی؛ سایت الگویی؛ کاهش مصرف آب | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Study of agricultural research results on yield and water productivity of several crops in North Khuzestan | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ali Reza Tavakoli1؛ Mohammad Khorramiyan2؛ Javad Ghasemi3 | ||
| 1Associate professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| 2Assistant professor, Safiabad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education & Extension Organization (AREEO), Dezful, Iran | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Institute of Agricultural Education and Extension, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Extension activities to improve irrigation and farm management will have an effective role in increasing yield and optimal use of water and soil resources. Yield gap is considered as one of the important issues in farm management, and it is very important to know the factors affecting it. One of the problems of farmers is their little knowledge in the field of water and soil. If they have access to modern knowledge and farm management, they can make an effective contribution in managing water use and increasing production. One of the solutions that can be effective in the field of optimal management of water consumption and other production inputs is to increase the knowledge, attitude and skills of farmers. The main goal of this research was to investigate and analyze the role of extension activities implemented in model sites located in the northern region of Khuzestan province in increasing yield and improving water productivity. Materials and Methods The intended extension method in this research was a model site based on which each model site has a main user and between 20 and 25 functional users. Functional units included farmers who, while visiting the main site, applied all or part of the recommendations used in the main site in their own farm. In order to transfer knowledge, increase yield and water productivity at on-farm scale, 52 extension model sites in the regions of Dezful, Shush, Shushtar and Andimeshk located in the north of Khuzestan, Iran, (2017-2019) and in the technical packages (balanced nutrition, cultivation, optimal length of border irrigation, cultivar, low tillage methods, modified irrigation method) were done according to different crops. The crops were included wheat, corn, rapeseed, sugar beet, mung bean, onion, cabbage, lettuce, eggplant, beans and citrus fruits. In addition to model sites, control farms under traditional management were also investigated and evaluated. The result of comparing the average values of advanced management treatment (main site) and traditional management (control) was with t-test indicates the existence of a significant difference in yield and water productivity. Water productivity was obtained from the ratio of yield (kg/ha) to irrigation water. The guaranteed selling price of wheat, rapeseed and sugar (beet) was 115 thousand rials, 235 thousand rials and 230 thousand rials, respectively. All measures in two parts of the farm were carried out by the operator under technical supervision and all measurements were carried out by the researcher. Results and Discussion The results of extension activities conducted by researchers and agricultural experts in the farmer condition and with the participation of 1201 of them, showed that if the results are widespread, the total amount of crop production will increase despite the reduction in irrigation water consumption. The amount of expected increase in the production of wheat, rapeseed, sugar, corn, mung bean and citrus fruits in Shush region was 14857 tons, 13347 tons, 8303 tons, 6225 tons, 221 tons and 870 tons respectively; The expected increase in the production of wheat, rapeseed and beans in Shushtar region was 19750 tons, 2028 tons and 83 tons, respectively; The expected increase in the production of wheat, rapeseed and beans in Shushtar region was 19750 tons, 2028 tons and 83 tons, respectively; The expected increase in wheat, corn and eggplant production in Andimshek region was 21966 tons, 3792 tons and 71 tons respectively and The expected increase in the production of wheat, rapeseed, sugar, corn, onion, lettuce, cabbage and citrus in Dezful region was 9447 tons, 20107 tons, 717 tons, 1594 tons, 2478 tons, 3610 tons, 5749 tons and 19232 tons respectively. The increase in water productivity by using specific technical packages for each crops compared to the control for wheat, rapeseed, sugar beet, corn and citrus fruits in the model sites compared to functional units were 10, 24.1, 11, 14.3 and 66.1 percent respectively and The increase in water productivity by using specific technical packages for each crops compared to the control for wheat, rapeseed, sugar beet, corn and citrus fruits in the model sites compared to functional units were 10, 9.6, 35.3, 21.4, and 168% respectively. Conclusions Considering the nature of the model sites, which is accompanied by the participation of the users in the processes of learning and applying techniques, the continuation of these activities can help the development and sustainability of the aforementioned achievements. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Agricultural Extension, Model Sites, Production Increase, Reduce water use | ||
| مراجع | ||
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