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اثر پایه بر غلظت عناصر غذایی برگ و عملکرد دو رقم پسته (.Pistacia vera L) اکبری و برگ سیاه | ||
| نهال و بذر | ||
| دوره 38، شماره 4، دی 1401، صفحه 473-496 اصل مقاله (1.2 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/spj.2023.362366.1310 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| عبدالحمید شرافتی1؛ مهرنوش اسکندری تربقان* 2 | ||
| 1مربی، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی-باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران. | ||
| 2پژوهشگر، بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| انتخاب پایه مناسب و رقم پربازده از اصول اولیه احداث باغ پسته است. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی اثر پایههای متعلق بهگونه Pistacia vera L. بر غلظت عناصر غذایی در برگ و عملکرد دو رقم پسته بود. این پژوهش با استفاده از شش پایه پسته اکبری، بادامی سفید فیضآباد، بادامی زرند، برگسیاه، کلهقوچی و سرخس و دو رقم اکبری و برگسیاه به صورت طرح کرتهای خرد شده در قالب بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و به مدت دو سال (1399 و 1400) در ایستگاه تحقیقات پسته خراسان رضوی اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که نوع پایه بر غلظت عناصر غذایی نیتروژن، کلسیم، منیزیم، آهن، روی، مس و بور در برگ در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنیدار بود. پایه سرخس، موجب بیشترین غلظت مس و کمترین غلظت بور در برگ شد. همچنین پایههای اکبری و سرخس با 0/063و 0/069کمترین و پایه بادامی سفید فیضآباد با 0/126بیشترین نسبت سدیم به پتاسیم برگ را داشتند. ترکیب پیوندی پایه برگ سیاه و رقم اکبری، دارای بیشترین غلظت بور در برگ (337/8میلیگرم در کیلوگرم)، و رقم اکبری روی پایه سرخس، کمترین غلظت بور در برگ (221/2میلیگرم در کیلوگرم) بود. پایه سرخس و برگ سیاه با 9/58و 3/33 کیلوگرم در درخت بهترتیب بیشترین و کمترین تأثیر بر عملکرد پسته تر را داشتند. همچنین رقم اکبری روی پایه سرخس بیشترین تعداد جوانه گل در شاخه انتهایی را داشت و با 11/92 کیلوگرم دردرخت بیشترین عملکرد پسته تر را دارا بود. در مجموع رقم اکبری روی پایه سرخس دارای بیشترین کارایی ترکیب پایه- پیوندک بود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پسته؛ رقم اکبری؛ بور؛ منگنز؛ فسفر؛ پتاس | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of Rootstock on Leaf Nutrients Concentration and Yield of Two Pistachio (Pistachio vera L.) Cultivars Akbari and Barg Siah | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| A. Sherafati1؛ M. Eskandari Torbaghan2 | ||
| 1. Researcher, Field and Horticulture Crops Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Mashhad, Iran. | ||
| 2Researcher, Soil and Water Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Mashhad, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Selection of suitable pistachio rootstock and compatible cultivar are the fundamentals for establishing a pistachio orchard. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of Pistacia vera L. rootstocks on leaf nutrients concentration and yield of two pistachio cultivars. The rootstocks included; Akbari, Badami Sefid, Badami Zarand, Barg Siah, Kaleghochi, and Sarakhs, and two pistachio cultivars; Akbari and Barg Siah were evaluated as factorial split-plot arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications in Feizabad pistachio research station in 2020-2021. Results showed that rootstock had significant (P<0.01) effect on the concentration of leaf nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper and boron. Sarakhs rootstock caused the highest leaf copper concentration and the lowest boron concentration. Also, Akbari and Sarakhs rootstocks had the lowest Na: K ratio with 0.063 and 0.069, respectively. Badami Sefid rootstock had the highest Na: K ratio with 0.126. Akbari cultivar grafted on Barg Siah rootstock had the highest leaf boron concentration (337.8 mg kg-1), and cv. Akbari grafted on Sarakhs rootstock showed the lowest leaf boron concentration (221.2 mg kg-1). Sarakhs and Barg Siah rootstocks with 9.58 and 3.33 kg tree-1, respectively, had the highest and lowest effect on fresh yield. Furthermore, cv. Akbari grafted on Sarakhs rootstock had the highest number of flower buds on terminal shoot, and the highest fresh yield with 11.92 kg tree-1. In conclusion, cv. Akbari grafted on Sarakhs rootstock was identified as the most efficient rootstock-scion combination. | ||
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