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اثر خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی و سطوح مختلف آب آبیاری بر عملکرد و بهره‌وری آب چغندرقند و گندم در تناوب گندم- چغندرقند | ||
| چغندرقند | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 38، شماره 2، مهر 1401، صفحه 207-225 اصل مقاله (1.16 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: کامل علمی - پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/jsb.2023.358453.1304 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محمد جلینی* 1؛ حمید رضا شریفی2؛ محمد کریمی3 | ||
| 1دانشیار بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان‌رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران. | ||
| 2دانشیار بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان‌رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران. | ||
| 3استادیار بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان‌رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این تحقیق به منظور بررسی عملکرد و بهره‌وری آب گندم و چغندرقند در سیستم تناوب زراعی رایج (گندم- چغندرقند) منطقه سرد، در ایستگاه تحقیقات جلگه رخ مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان‌رضوی به اجرا درآمد. آزمایش با استفاده از کرت‌های دو بار خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و با سه تکرار طی سال‌های زراعی 1392 الی 1395 اجرا شد. تیمارها؛ شامل روش‌های مختلف خاک‌ورزی (خاک‌ورزی متداول، کم‌خاک‌ورزی و بی‌خاک‌ورزی) در کرت‌های اصلی، مدیریت بقایای گیاهی (بدون بقایا، حفظ 30 درصد و 60 درصد بقایا) در کرت‌های فرعی و سطوح مختلف کاربرد آب آبیاری شامل 50، 75 و 100درصد در کرت‌های فرعی فرعی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که روش خاک‌ورزی و مدیریت بقایا بر عملکرد و بهره‌وری آب گندم و چغندرقند اثر معنی‌دار نداشت ولی اثر سطوح مختلف آب آبیاری معنی‌دار بود (P<0.01). مقدار عملکردریشه چغندرقند در دو سطح کاربرد آب 75 و 100 درصد به‌ترتیب 31/8 و 39/9 تن در هکتار بود که با هم اختلاف معنی‌دار نداشتند ولی عملکرد در سطح 50 درصد نیاز خالص حدود 8/31 تن در هکتار بود که کاهش قابل توجهی داشت. میزان بهره‌وری آب در سطوح 50، 75 و 100 درصد آب مصرفی به‌ترتیب 5/190، 4/604 و 3/481 کیلوگرم ریشه بر مترمکعب آب به‌دست آمد. در محصول گندم میانگین عملکرد (دو سال زراعی 93-1392 و 95-1394) در دو سطح کاربرد آب 75 و 100 درصد به‌ترتیب 4849 و 5127 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود که با هم اختلاف معنی‌دار نداشتند، ولی عملکرد در سطح 50درصد نیاز آب آبیاری حدود 3954 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود که کاهش قابل‌توجهی داشت. میزان بهره‌وری آب در سطوح 50، 75 و 100 درصد آب‌مصرفی به‌ترتیب 0/954، 0/924 و 0/813 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب آب به‌دست آمد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بی‌خاک‌ورزی؛ چغندرقند؛ خاک‌ورزی متداول؛ سطوح آب؛ گندم | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of conservation tillage and different levels of irrigation on yield and water productivity of sugar beet and wheat in wheat- sugar beet rotation | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| M. Joleini1؛ H.R. Sharifi2؛ M. Karimi3 | ||
| 1Associate Professor, Researcher at Khorasan Agriculture & Natural Resources Research Center Aricultural Engineering Research Department, Mashhad, Iran. | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Researcher at Khorasan Agriculture & Natural Resources Research Center. Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Mashhad ,Iran. | ||
| 3Assistance Professor, Researcher at Khorasan Agriculture & Natural Resources Research Center Aricultural Engineering Research Department. Mashhad, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In order to study yield and water productivity of wheat and sugar beet in common cropping rotation (wheat-sugar beet) in cold region, a research was conducted in Jolg-E-Rokh research station, Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran. The trial was carried out in split-split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications during the crop season of 2013 to 2016. Treatments were tillage methods (conventional tillage, minimum tollage and no tillage) in main plots, residue management (without residue, keeping 30 and 60% residue) in the sub-plots and different irrigation levels (50, 75 and 100% irrigation) in sub-sub plots. Results showed that tillage method and residue management had no significant effect on yield and water productivity of wheat and sugar beet, however the effect of different irrigation levels was significant (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between obtained root yield in 75 and 100% irrigation (39.9 and 39.1 t ha-1, respectively, however a remarkable yield reduction (31.8 t ha-1) at 50% irrigation was observed. The water productivity at 50, 75 and 100% irrigation was 5.1, 4.4 and 3.4 kg m-3, respectively. In wheat crop, the average yield (in crop seasons of 2013-14 and 2015-16) and in 75 and 100% irrigation was 4849 and 5127 kg ha-1, respectively, which was not significantly different, however a significant decrease (3954 kg ha-1) was observed at 50% irrigation. Water productivity of wheat in 50, 75 and 100% irrigation was 0.9, 0.9 and 0.8 kg m-3, respectively. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Conventional tillage, Irrigation levels, No tillage, Sugar beet, wheat | ||
| مراجع | ||
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