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بررسی صفات زراعی کلزای زمستانه در سیستم‌های کشت بذری و نشایی با تراکم‌های مختلف بوته در کشت تأخیری | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 35، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 137، بهمن 1402، صفحه 48-25 اصل مقاله (597.92 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2024.363076.1656 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حمید جباری* 1؛ حسین زینل زاده تبریزی2؛ محمدباقر ولی پور3؛ فرناز شریعتی4؛ الناز حاجی ابراهیمی5 | ||
| 1عضو هیأت علمی موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2گروه زراعت و باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه قرقیزی-ترکی ماناس، بیشکک، قرقیزستان | ||
| 3موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 4مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| 5دانشجوی دکتری ژنتیک و به‌نژادی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به منظور ارزیابی صفات زراعی کلزای زمستانه در سیستم‌های کشت بذری و نشایی با تراکم‌های مختلف بوته در شرایط کشت تأخیری، آزمایشی در منطقه کرج طی دو سال زراعی 99-1398 و 1400-1399 در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. 13 تیمار آزمایشی شامل ترکیب عامل کشت نشایی ریشه پر و ریشه لخت در سه تراکم 20 ، 30 و 40 بوته در متر مربع با یک یا دو نشا در هر حفره و کشت بذری به صورت تأخیری در اوائل آبان ماه به عنوان شاهد بود. نتایج تجزیه مرکب نشان داد که عملکرد دانه در کشت بذری به میزان 1973 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود و میانگین عملکرد دانه در تیمارهای کشت ریشه لخت و ریشه پر بین 686 تا 1142 کیلوگرم در هکتار بیشتر از کشت بذری بود که این کاهش عملکرد در شرایط کشت بذری به دلیل کاهش اجزای عملکرد بخصوص تعداد خورجین در بوته بود. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد که تیمارهای ریشه لخت و ریشه پر در مجموع دو سال آزمایشی تیمارهای ریشه لخت باعث کاهش معنی‌دار 3/7 درصدی روز تا آغاز گل‌دهی و افزایش 3/13 درصدی طول دوره گل‌دهی، 7/42 درصدی تعداد خورجین در بوته و ۱/17 درصدی عملکرد دانه شد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه در تیمار کشت نشای ریشه لخت با تراکم 40 بوته با یک نشاء در حفره به میزان 4395 کیلوگرم در هکتار به‌دست آمد که در ارتباط با طول دوره گل-دهی نسبتاً زیاد، برتری محسوس از نظر تعداد خورجین در بوته و وزن هزار دانه مناسب بود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تعداد خورجین در بوته؛ ریشه پر؛ ریشه لخت؛ مراحل زایشی؛ عملکرد دانه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigating the agronomic traits of winter canola in seeding and transplanting systems with different plant densities under delayed cultivation conditions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| hamid jabbari1؛ Hossein Zeinalzadeh tabrizi2؛ Mohammad Bagher Valipour3؛ Farnaz Shariati4؛ Elnaz Haji Ebrahimi5 | ||
| 1Faculty member Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Horticulture and Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan | ||
| 3Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran | ||
| 4Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran | ||
| 5Ph. D. Student in Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam university, Ilam, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is a traditional oil crop in Iran. Conventional oilseed rape production during the past decades has been performed through manual sowing, transplanting, and harvesting. In cold and temperate regions of the Iran in the Karaj region, due to delays in harvesting the previous crop such as corn, canola planting date is delay and it is not possible to planting oilseed rape seeds directly. Problems such as supplying primary soil water for crop establishment of canola fields, possibility of damage from cold and frost stress and late season drought due to delayed planting are the main problems of canola cultivation in Karaj region (Jabbari et al., 2022). Because of this, canola transplanting can solve the problems and be a good choice in these kinds of situations (Zeinalzadeh-Tabrizi et al., 2022). Although there have been many seeding rate studies done for canola, the optimum seeding rate and plant population for canola is not known. Optimum density for canola depends on both biological and economic factors. verall economic optimum plant density for canola was 30 to 40 plants m-2 (French et al., 2016). On the other hand, the transplanting method (bare-root or potted-root transplant), transplanting density and the number of seedlings per hole one seedling or two seedlings are very important to achieve the highest seed yield. Materials and Methods In order to agronomic evaluation of winter canola in seeding and transplanting systems with different plant densities under delayed cultivation conditions in the Karaj region, an experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications in two cropping years, 2019-2020 and 2020-2021. Experimental treatments included direct sowing of seeds as a control at a rate of 6 kg/ha; transplanting with densities of 20, 30, and 40 plants per square meter, each density with both bare-root transplant and potted-root transplant; and also with one seedling or two seedlings in the planting hole. During the experiment, traits including Days to flowering time, flowering duration, growth period, plant height, stem diameter, branch number, silique length and diameter, silique per plant, seed number per silique, 1000-seed weight and seed yield were recorded. Combined analysis of variance carried out by SAS statistical analysis software and the least significant difference (LSD) test was used to compare treatment means with a probability threshold of 0.05. Results and Discussion The results of combined analysis showed that seed yield in the treatments of potted-root and bare-root seedling was between 686 and 1142 kg.ha-1 more than seeding cultivation. Yield reduction in seeding cultivation was due to the reduction of yield components, especially the number of silique per plant. Also, among all the investigated treatments, the highest seed yield (4395 kg.ha-1) was observed in the treatment of bare-root seedlings with a density of 40 plants with one seedling in the hole, which this issue was related to the relatively long flowering duration, noticeable superiority for silique per plant and high 1000 seeds weight. An independent comparison of bare-root and potted-root transplant treatments showed that in the total of two experimental years, bare-root treatments caused a significant decrease of 7.3% in days to beginning of flowering and 13.3% increase in the length of the flowering period, 7.2% in plant height, 42.7% in siliques per plant and 17.1% in the seed yield. Early maturity and higher of siliques number and number of seeds in siliques led to the superiority of seed yield in the bare-root treatment compared to the potted-root treatment. Mentioned issue was related to more competition between seedlings in the pot at the the potted-root treatment and the greater use of soil space for root development and less competition between seedlings in bare-root treatment. Conclusions Generally, results showed that bare-root transplant treatments were superior to potted-root transplant treatments for yield components and seed yield. Therefore, in the conditions of delayed cultivation of canola, it is recommended to bare-root transplanting with a density of 40 plants per square meter and one seedling in the planting hole, especially in the Karaj region. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Bare-root, Potted-root, Reproductive stages, Seed yield and Silique per plant | ||
| مراجع | ||
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