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ارزیابی عملکرد دانه، اجزاء عملکرد، روغن و برخی صفات زراعی ارقام گلرنگ در تاریخ های مختلف کشت زمستانه در منطقه سیستان | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 35، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 137، بهمن 1402، صفحه 74-49 اصل مقاله (1.13 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2024.352717.1515 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| حمیدرضا فنایی* 1؛ منصور سارانی2؛ مجید رضا کیانی3 | ||
| 1دانشیار - بخش تحقیقات ژنتیک و ذخائر توراثی -موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار، بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی سیستان، سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی، زابل، ایران | ||
| 3استادیار، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به منظور بررسی عملکرد دانه، روغن و برخی ویژگیهای زراعی ارقام گلرنگ، در تاریخ های مختلف کشت زمستانه، آزمایشی به صورت کرتهای یک بار خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی درسه تکرار در دو سال زراعی 1391-1392 و 1393-1392 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی زهک اجرا گردید. تاریخ کاشت در شش سطح (1، 20 دی، 10،30 بهمن و 20 اسفند) عامل اصلی و رقم در چهار سطح (گلدشت، پدیده، فرامان و گل مهر عامل فرعی بودند. بالاترین عملکرد دانه در سال اول با میانگین 1253 کیلوگرم در هکتار بدست آمد که نسبت به سال دوم 6 درصد افزایش داشت. تاریخ کاشت اول دیماه با 1611 کیلوگرم در هکتار نسبت به تاریخ کاشت دوم (20 دی)، سوم (10 بهمن)، چهارم (1اسفند) و پنجم (20 اسفند) به ترتیب 16، 24، 37 و 44 درصد افزایش در عملکرد دانه داشت. با تاخیر کشت از اول دی ماه، روزانه حدود 10 کیلوگرم در هکتار از عملکرد دانه کاسته شد. برهمکنش رقم × تاریخ کاشت×سال بالاترین عملکرد دانه را در سال اول، تاریخ کاشت اول دی ماه و رقم فرامان با میانگین 2090 کیلوگرم در هکتار داشت. درصد روغن در تاریخ کاشت اول دی نسبت به 20 اسفند حدود 9 درصد و ارقام پدیده و گل مهر نسبت به ارقام گلدشت و فرامان به ترتیب 9 و 6 درصد دراین تاریخ کشت افزایش نشان دادند. بر اساس نتایج تاریخ کاشت از اوایل (1 دی) تا اواخر دی ماه (20 دی) با استفاده از ارقام زودرس فرامان و گلدشت مناسب و قابل توصیه تر میباشند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| "اجزای عملکرد"؛ "شاخص برداشت"؛ "فنولوژی"؛ "گلرنگ" | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of grain yield, yield components, oil and some agronomic traits of safflower cultivars on winter sowing different dates of in Sistan region | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hamid reza Fanaei1؛ mansoor saranei2؛ majid reza kiani3 | ||
| 1Associate Prof. Department of Genetics and National Plant Gene Bank of Iran (NPGBI). Seed and plant improvement research institute. AREEO, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| 2Assistant Prof.,Plant Protection Research Deparhnent, Sistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Zabol. Iran. | ||
| 3Scientific Staff- Khorasan Agricultural and education and natural resources researches center | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Planting date is considered to play a crucial role in decision-making processes of crop production and management, especially in the areas where plants are impacted by deleterious factors such as terminal cold and drought, early drought stress and extreme heat (Behdani & Jami Al-Ahmadi, 2008). In the studies conducted in different regions, delay in planting time in both autumn and spring resulted in decreases in grain, and oil yield, number of seeds per head, number of heads per plant, 1000-seed weight, plant height, number of leaves per plant, and dry weight of shoot (Solhe oskouei et al., 2016 ; Deltalab et al., 2011). Therefore, this experiment was performed to find the best winter sowing date for different cultivars and to investigate changes in grain yield, yield components and oil of safflower cultivars under delayed cultivation. Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out in a split plot arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications in two years, 2013 and 2014 at Zahak Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station, Sistan and Baluchestan province. The main plot consisted of five sowing dates including: 21th Dec., 9th Jan., 29th Jan., 19th Feb. and 10th Mar. and the subplot was assigned to four cultivars; Golldasht, Padideh, Faraman, Gollmehr, which were independently randomized. In this study, yield characteristics and components of grain yield, agronomic and phonological traits in addition to grain oil content were investigated. Statistical analysis was performed using MSTAT-c software. Results & Discussion: The combined analysis of variance indicated significant effect of year, and cultivar on the all traits phenological, morphological, grain yield and its components as well as oil content. Goldasht and Faraman cultivars, at all the sowing dates, showed shorter time to physiological maturity. The highest mean of plant height (114 cm) was observed at the first sowing date (21th Dec.), which was 20% and 28% higher than the fourth (19th Feb.) and the fifth (10th Mar.) sowing dates, respectively. Padideh and Golmehr cultivars showed the highest plant height. Grain yield in the first year increased by 6% relative to the second year. The seed yield at the first sowing date (21th Dec.) was 1611 kg.ha -1, which was 16%, 24%, 37% and 44% greater than at the second (9th Jan.), the third (29th Jan.), the fourth (19th Feb) and the fifth (10 Mar.) sowing dates, respectively. A delayed planting from 21th Dec. declined the grain yield at a rate of 10 kg.ha-1 per day. The results for the triple interactive effects of cultivar × planting date × year showed that the highest grain yield was achieved in the first year × first sowing date (21th Dec. × the genotypes of Faraman and Goldasht with a mean yield of 2090 and 1758 kg.ha-1. Oil content was increased as the planting date was shifted from 21th Dec. to 10th Mar. The oil percentage at the first sowing date (21th Dec.) relative to the fifth sowing date (10th Mar,) increased by about 9% and among the cultivars, Padideh and Golmehr had 9% and 6% more oil content than Goldasht and Faraman, respectively. Seed yield showed the highest positive and significant correlation coefficient with number of boll per plant (r = 0.76 **), number of grain per boll (r = 0.75 **), and 1000-seed weight (r = 0. 47 **). Conclusion: Losing the appropriate planting date for winter cultivation system of safflower, shifting from early January to early February, can lead to a compensatory seed yield production. In fact, at these dates, suitable environmental conditions facilitate increased duration of vegetative growth and the formation of higher yield components such as number of florets per boll, boll per plant and grain per boll as compared to late planting date. Among the studied cultivars, Faraman and Goldasht produced the highest grain yield at the all planting dates, maybe due to the higher number of grain per boll and 1000-seed weight. To achieve maximum grain and oil yield in winter safflower cultivation for the conditions of Sistan region, sowing from early January (first date 21th Dec.) to late January (second date (9th Jan) using early maturity cultivars, such as Faraman and Goldasht cultivars is recommended. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| "Harvest index", "Phenology", "Safflower", "Yield components" | ||
| مراجع | ||
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