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بررسی مقدماتی اثر چند حشرهکش روی برخی از دشمنان طبیعی کرم ساقهخوار نواری، Chilo supprassalis Walker در زیست بوم شالیزار | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه‌پزشکی | ||
| دوره 11، شماره 1، شهریور 1402، صفحه 19-33 اصل مقاله (691.93 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2024.364738.359 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فرزاد مجیدی شیل سر* 1؛ مهرداد عمواقلی طبری2 | ||
| 1دانشیار، موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترو یج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران. | ||
| 2استادیار، موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترو یج کشاورزی، آمل، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بیش از 50 سال از ظهور ساقهخوار نواری برنج، Chilo supprassalis Walker در کشور میگذرد و طی این مدت به طور عمده تحت کنترل شیمایی بهویژه با سموم گرانوله بوده است. اخیرا کاربرد حشرهکشهای مایع برای کنترل این آفت در حال رواج است، اما، تاثیر آنها بر دشمنان طبیعی کمتر مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. این پژوهش، اثر سه حشرهکش شامل، فیپرونیل (SC5%)، دیازینون (EC60%)، فنیتروتیون (EC50%) در مقایسه با شاهد (آبپاشی) روی مهمترین دشمنان طبیعی مزارع برنج، آسیابک، Orthetrum sabina L. (Odonata: Libellulidae)، سن آندرالوس، Andrallus spinidens F. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)، سوسک دراکولا، Paederus fuscipes Curtis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)، عنکبوت آرجیوپه ( Araneae: (Araneidae Doleschall Argiope catenulata، عنکبوت تتراگناتا،Tetragnatha sp. (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) و زنبور تریکوگراما Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) طی 2، 7 و 14 روز بعد از سمپاشی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصل نشان داد که حشرهکشهای فوق در 2 و 14 روز بعد از سمپاشی به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین تاثیر سوء روی دشمنان طبیعی داشتند. در مجموع بر اساس نتایج حاضر و استاندارد قوانین سازمان بینالمللی کنترل بیولوژیک، حشرهکش فیپرونیل مایع Sc5% از میان سه حشرهکش، با ایجاد 78/3 %کاهش جمعیت، کمترین تاثیر روی دشمنان طبیعی مزارع برنج داشت و در رتبه کمخطر تا خطر متوسط قرارگرفت. با گذشت زمان، تاثیر حشرهکشهای مورد استفاده بهویژه فیپرونیل مایع روی دشمنان طبیعی شیب نزولی داشت. با توجه به سابقه مصرف طولانی مدت حشرهکشهای شیمیایی نظیر دیازینون گرانول علیه کرم ساقهخوار نواری برنج در زیست بوم شالیزارهای شمال کشور (بالغ بر پنج دهه) و نیز به دلیل پرخطر بودن، سمیت بالا و تبعات منفی دیگر برای کشاورزان و زیست بوم شالیزار، معرفی حشرهکشهای جدید سهم بهسزایی در کاهش خطرات فوق خواهند داشت. بنابراین، به نظر می‌رسد حشرهکش فپیرونیل مایع به مقدار یک لیتر در هکتار مخاطرات کمتری نسبت به سایر حشرهکشهای آزمایش شده در این تحقیق برای حشرات مفید در اکوسیستم زراعی برنج داشته باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آفات؛ برنج؛ دشمنان طبیعی؛ شکارگر؛ شبه انگل؛ کنترل شیمیایی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Preliminary investigation of the effect of several insecticides on some natural enemies of rice striped stem borer, Chilo supprassalis Walker in rice field | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Farzad Majidi-Shilsar1؛ Farzad Majidi-Shilsar2 | ||
| 1Associate Professor, Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran. | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Amol, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| More than 50 years have passed since the appearance of the rice stem borer, Chilo supprassalis Walker in the country, and during this period it has been mainly under chemical control, especially with granular poisons. Recently, the use of liquid insecticides is used to control this pest, but their effect on natural enemies has been less investigated. In this research, the effect of three liquid insecticide, including fipronil (SC5%), diazinon (EC60%), fenitrothion (EC50%) and control (spraying) investigated on the most important natural enemies in rice fields, (Orthetrum sabina L. Odonata: Libellulidae), Andrallus spinidens F. Hemiptera: Pentatomidae, Dracula (Paederus fuscipes Curtis Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), Argiope spider (Argiope catenulata Doleschall Araneae: Araneidae( (Tetragnatha sp. Araneae: Tetragnathidae) and parasitoid wasps Trichogramma (Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) were studied during 2, 7 and 14 days after spraying. The results showed that the above–mentioned insecticides had the highest and lowest adverse effects on natural enemies in 2 and 14 days after spraying, respectively. According to the present results and the standard rules of the International Organization for Biological Control, liquid fipronil SC5% insecticide among the three insecticides had the least effect on the natural enemies of rice fields by causing 3.78% mortality and ranked low risk to moderate risk. With the passage of time, the effect of the used insecticides, especially liquid fipronil, on natural enemies had a downward slope. Considering the history of long–term use of chemical insecticides such as diazinon granules against the rice striped stem borer in the paddy field of the north of the country (over five decades) and also because of its high toxicity, high toxicity and other negative consequences. For the farmers and the rice paddy ecosystem, the introduction of new insecticides will contribute significantly to reducing the above risks. Therefore, the use of liquid fepironil at a concentration of one liter per hectare, seems to have less adverse effects on beneficial insects in rice fields. . | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Pests, rice, field, predator, parasitoid, chemical method | ||
| مراجع | ||
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