| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,083 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,401 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 48,331,497 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 79,032,196 |
اثر محلول پاشی هورمون سیتوکینین بر عملکرد و صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک ارقام آفتابگردان در تاریخ کاشت دیرهنگام | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 36، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 138، تیر 1403، صفحه 41-21 اصل مقاله (710.73 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2024.362391.1648 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| محبوبه خواجوی1؛ افراسیاب راهنما* 2؛ موسی مسکرباشی3؛ سید امیر موسوی4؛ متیو تام هریسون5 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز. اهواز، ایران. | ||
| 2دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز. اهواز، ایران. (نگارنده مسئول) | ||
| 3استاد گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز. اهواز، ایران | ||
| 4استاد یار گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی ومنابع طبیعی خوزستان ، ایران | ||
| 5دانشیار، مؤسسه کشاورزی تاسمانی، دانشگاه تاسمانی، تاسمانی، استرالیا. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به‌منظور بررسی اثر هورمون سیتوکینین برصفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه ارقام آفتابگردان در دو تاریخ کاشت مختلف، آزمایشی در دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز در سال زراعی 1401-1400 به‌صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. دو تاریخ کاشت 15 بهمن و 15 اسفندماه (کاشت به‌هنگام و دیرهنگام)، به عنوان عامل‌های اصلی و محلول‌پاشی غلظت‌های هورمون سیتوکینین (صفر و 50 میکرومولار در لیتر از منبع کینتین) و ارقام آفتابگردان (پروگرس، لاکومکا، شمس، اسکار و قاسم) به‌صورت فاکتوریل به عنوان عامل‌های فرعی در نظرگرفته شدند. برهمکنش تاریخ کاشت، محلول‌پاشی هورمون و ارقام آفتابگردان بر بیشتر صفات معنی‌دار بود، به‌طوری‌که کاشت دیرهنگام، سبب کاهش تعداد دانه در طبق، وزن هزاردانه، عملکرد دانه، زیست توده، عملکرد و درصد روغن، شاخص کلروفیل، محتوی آب نسبی، شاخص سطح برگ و هدایت روزنه‌ای شد. کاربرد سیتوکینین سبب بهبود صفات مورد مطالعه در هر دو تاریخ کاشت شد. درکاشت دیرهنگام، عملکرد دانه تحت تأثیر هورمون در ارقام لاکومکا، پروگرس، شمس، اسکار و قاسم به ترتیب به میزان 24، 22، 33، 56 و42 درصد افزایش یافت. رقم لاکومکا و پروگرس در هر دو تاریخ کاشت دارای بالاترین عملکرد دانه و روغن بودند. کاربرد سیتوکینین در کاشت به هنگام و دیرهنگام عملکرد دانه (به ترتیب 11 و 24 درصد) و عملکرد روغن (به ترتیب 27 و 34 درصد) رقم لاکومکا را در مقایسه با عدم کاربرد هورمون افزایش داد. لذا به نظر می‌رسد به‌طورکلی محلول‌پاشی کینتین توانست اثرات منفی تنش گرما را با بهبود صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و بهبود عملکرد دانه و روغن تعدیل بخشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| درصد روغن؛ تنش گرما؛ شاخص کلروفیل؛ کینتین؛ عملکرد دانه؛ هدایت روزنه ای | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Foliar application of cytokinin hormone on morphophysiological and yield traits of sunflower cultivars in late sowing date | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mahboobeh Khajavi1؛ Afrasyab Rahnama2؛ Moosa Meskarbashi3؛ Seyed amir Moosavi4؛ Matthew Tom Harrison5 | ||
| 1PhD student, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Ahvaz, Iran | ||
| 2Associate Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Ahvaz, Iran (Corresponding author) | ||
| 3Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Ahvaz, Iran. | ||
| 4Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Iran. | ||
| 5Associate Professor, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Newnham Drive, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia 7248 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction Crop yields in tropical regions is threatened by high temperatures during reproductive phase which causes a severe change in physiological and biochemical behavior of the major crops (Salehi et al., 2023). A suitable sowing dates provide adequate growth and development for crops and altered sowing dates is beneficial for crop productivity as it helps the critical growth stages avoid high temperature stress. Manipulating the sowing date is one of the the most important management practices for improving crop yield and resource use efficiency (Srivastava et al., 2018). It has been reported that the highest grain and biological yield of safflower were observed on early sowing date, compared to late sowing dates (Sahu and Thakur., 2016)). Delay in sowing date causes shortening of the growing season and distance of the plant from suitable growing conditions. Cytokinins are effective in response to environmental stresses by triggering a complex signaling network (Verma et al., 2016). To further improve plant growth and production, exogenous cytokinin has been applied to enhance the heat stress tolerance of plants. Exogenous application of cytokinin reduced the inhibitory impact of heat stress on photosynthetic properties, and increased antioxidant system activity (Xu et al., 2010). Hence, the current study aimed to evaluate the effect of cytokinin foliar on morphophysiological traits and quantitative yield of sunflower cultivars in winter planting dates in Ahvaz conditions. Materials & Methods A field experiment carried out in a split plot factorial in randomized complete block design with three replications at the research farm of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in 2022. Main plots consisted of two sowing dates; 3th February and 5th March (Normal and late sowing dates, respectively), and sub plot consisted of factorial arrangement of different concentrations of cytokinin (0 and 50 μm l-1, Kinetin), and sunflower cultivars (Progress, Lakomka, Shams, Oskar and Qasem). The cultivation was performed on 3th February as normal sowing date plants experienced optimum temperature during growth stages. On 5th March as late sowing date, the flowering and grain filling periods were exposed to severe heat stress at the end of growing season Results & Discussion Terminal heat stress in late sowing dates caused a significant decrease in in biological yield, grain yield, grain number per head, 1000-grain weight, oil yield, chlorophyll index, relative water content and stomatal conductance. There was a significant difference among cultivars in terms of all traits. Late sowing date was caused a significant reduction in grain yield of Lakomka, Progress, Shams, Oskar and Qasem cultivars by 32, 30, 32, 37 and 33%, respectively, compared to normal sowing date. It was equal to 1.1, 1.03, 1.1, 1.27 and 1.13% for each day of sowing delay, respectively. The concentration of 50 μm l-1 kinetin improved the studied traits in both sowing dates. In late sowing date, foliar application of cytokinin enhanced grain yield by 24, 29, 14, 25 and 21%, in Lakomka, Progress, Shams, Oskar and Qasem cultivars respectively, when compared to cytokinin-deficient plants. Lakomka and Progress had the highest grain and oil yield in both sowing dates. In optimum and late sowing dates; cytokinin application induced an increase in grain yield (by 11 and 24%, respectively) and oil yield (by 27and 34%, respectively) for Lakomka, when compared to cytokinin-deficient plants. Lakomka cultivar identified as the most tolerant to heat stress due to higher grain and oil yield in both sowing dates and both cytokinin levels compared with other cultivars. Conclusions We focused on foliar application of cytokinin on morphophysiological traits and quantitative yield of sunflower cultivars in response to terminal heat stress to highlight the function of cytokinin in heat stress response and it is potential to increase heat stress tolerance. It appears the delay in optimum sowing date leads to synchronize the plant's reproductive stages with a high temperature at the end of the season. The results of this study provides evidence that exogenous cytokinin (50 μm l-1) can be an effective strategy in improvement of heat tolerance of sunflower under terminal heat stress conditions in tropical regions such as Khuzestan. Acknowledgements: We gratefully acknowledge funding support from Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz grant number SCU.AA1401.96. Key words: Chlorophyll index, grain yield, oil percentage, stomatal conductance | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Chlorophyll index, grain yield, heat stress, kinetin, oil percentage, stomatal conductance | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Akter, N., Islam, M., Karim, M., and Hossain, T. 2014. Alleviation of drought stress in maize by exogenous application of gibberellic acid and cytokinin. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology 17: 41-48. Allinne, C., Maury, P., Sarrafi, A., and Grieu, P. 2009. Genetic control of physiological traits associated to low temperature growth in sunflower under early sowing conditions. Plant Science 177: 349-359. Awasthi, R., Kaushal, N., Vadez, V., Turner, N.C., Berger, J., Siddique, K.H., and Nayyar, H. 2014. Individual and combined effects of transient drought and heat stress on carbon assimilation and seed filling in chickpea. Functional Plant Biology 41(11):1148-1167. Brault, M., and Maldiney, R. 1999. Mechanisms of cytokinin action. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 37: 403-412. Chimenti, C., and Hall, A. 2001. Grain number responses to temperature during floret differentiation in sunflower. Field Crops Research 72(3): 177-184. Cortleven, A., and Schmülling, T. 2015. Regulation of chloroplast development and function by Cytokinin. Journal of Experimental Botany 66(16): 4999-5013. Demir, I. 2019. The effects of sowing date on growth, seed yield and oil content of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars under rainfed conditions. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 28(9): 6849-6857. De la Vega, A. J., and Hall, A. J. 2002. Effects of planting date, genotype, and their interactions on sunflower yield. Crop Science 42(4): 1191-1201. Garcia-Lopez, J., Lorite, I. J. Garcia-Ruiz, R., and Dominguez, J. 2014. Evaluation of three simulation approaches for assessing yield of rainfed sunflower in a Mediterranean environment for climate change impact modelling. Climate Change 124 (1–2):147-162. Haba, P. D., Mata, D.L., Molina, E., and Agüera, E. 2014. High temperature promotes early senescence in primary leaves of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) plants. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 94(4): 659-669. Habibi, F., Normohamadi, G., Heidarisharif- Abad, H., Eivazi, A., Majidi-Heravan, A. 2012. Effect of sowing date on cold tolerance, and some agronomic traits in bread Wheat genotypes at west Azerbaijan province conditions. World Applied Sciences Journal 16: 232-239. Hao, L., Guo, L., Li, R., Cheng, Y., Huang, L., Zhou, H., and Zheng, Y. 2019. Responses of photosynthesis to high temperature stress associated with changes in leaf structure and biochemistry of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Scientia Horticulturae 246: 251-264. Hernández, F., Poverene, M., Mercer, K. L., and Presotto, A. 2020. Genetic variation for tolerance to extreme temperatures in wild and cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) during early vegetative phases. Crop and Pasture Science 71(6): 578-591. Hussein, Y., Amin, G., Azab, A., and Gahin, H. 2015. Induction of drought stress resistance in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) plant by salicylic acid and kinetin. Journal of Plant Sciences 10(4): 128-141. Kaleem, S., Hassan, F.U., and Saleem, A. 2009. Influence of environmental variations on physiological attributes of sunflower. African Journal of Biotechnolog 8: 3531-3539. Kalyar, T., Rauf, S., Teixeira Da Silva, J. A., and Shahzad, M. 2014. Handling Sunflower 10 (Helianthus annus L.) populations under heat stress. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 60(5): 655-672. Machekposhti, M. F., Shahnazari, A., Ahmadi, M. Z., Aghajani, G., and Ritzema, H. 2017. Effect of irrigation with sea water on soil salinity and yield of oleic sunflower. Agricultural water management 188: 69-78. Matev, A., Petrova, R., and Kirchev, H. 2012. Evapotranspiration of sunflower crops depending on irrigation. Agricultural Science and Technology 4 (4): 417- 426. Mohammed, A. R., and Tarpley, L. 2010. Effects of high night temperature and spikelet position on yield-related parameters of rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants. European Journal of Agronomy, 33: 117-123. Moradi Aghdam, A., Daneshian, J., Valadabadi, S. A., Zakerin, H. R., Ghafari, M., Haji Hassani, N., and Moradi Aghdam, M. 2011. Effect of planting dates on the phenology and some agronomic characteristics of sunflower cultivars under Khoy condition. Journal of Crop Ecopgysiology 3(3): 205-215. (In Persian with English Summary). Muraro, D., Byrne, H., King, J., Voss, U., Kieber, J., and Bennett, M. 2011. The influence of cytokinin–auxin cross-regulation on cell-fate determination in Arabidopsis thaliana root development. Journal of Theoretical Biology 283(1): 152-167. Nagar, S., Ramakrishnan, S., Singh, V. P., Singh, G. P., Dhakar, R., Umesh, D. K., and Arora, A. 2015. Cytokinin enhanced biomass and yield in wheat by improving N-metabolism under water limited environment. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology 20(1): 31-38. Ozturk, E., Polat, T., and Sezek, M. 2017. The effect of sowing date and nitrogen fertilizer form on growth, yield and yield components in sunflower. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 22(1): 143-151. Rahnama, A., James, R. A., Poustini, K., and Munns, R. 2010. Stomatal conductance as a screen for osmotic stress tolerance in durum wheat growing in saline soil. Functional Plant Biology 37(3): 255-263. Ren, B., Zhu, Y., Zhang, J., Dong, S., Liu, P., and Zhao, B. 2016. Effects of spraying exogenous hormone 6-benzyl adenine (6-BA) after waterlogging on grain yield and growth of summer maize. Field Crops Research 188: 96-104. Rondanini, D., Savin, R., and Hall, A. J. 2003. Dynamics of fruit growth and oil quality of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) exposed to brief intervals of high temperature during grain filling. Field Crops Research 83: 79-90. Sahu, J., and Thakur, N. S. 2016. Response of date of sowing on yield and yield attributes of safflower cultivars. An International Quarterly Journal of life Sciences 11 (1): 503-507. Salehi, F., Rahnama Ghahfarokhi, A., Meskarbashee, M., Mehdikhanlou, K. 2019. Effect of terminal heat stress on some agronomic, physiological and oil yield traits of safflower cultivars (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under Ahvaz conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 17(3): 491-502. Salek Mearaji, H., Tavakoli, A., and Sepahvand, N.A. 2020. The effect of cytokinin on physiological and related traits with yield of quinoa under drought stress conditions. Journal of Crops Improvement 22: 419-432. (In Persian with English Summary). Sarafraz-Ardakani, M. R., Khavari-Nejad, R. A., Moradi, F., and Najafi, F. 2014. Abscisic acid and cytokinin-induced carbohydrate and antioxidant levels regulation in drought-resistant and–susceptible wheat cultivar during grain filling under field conditions. International Journal of Biosciences 5 (8): 11-24. Scaven, V. L., and Rafferty, N. E. 2013. Physiological effects of climate warming on flowering plants and insect pollinators and potential consequences for their interactions. Current Zoology 59: 418-426. Schneiter, A. A., and Miller, J. F. 1981. Description of sunflower growth stages. Crop Science 21(6): 901-903. Sheikh Mamo, B., Rahnama, A. and Hassibi, P. 2023. The influence of terminal heat stress on physiological and yield characteristics of promising sunflower cultivars in Ahvaz climate condition. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences 16 (3): 835-851. (In Persian with English Summary).
Ullah, F., and Bano, A. 2011. Effect of plant growth regulators on oil yield and biodiesel production of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Brazilian Journal Plant of Physiology 23: 27-3. Valentovic, P., Luxova, M., Kolarovic, L., Gasparikova, O. 2006. Effect of osmotic stress on compatible solutes content, membrane stability and water relations in two maize cultivars. Plant Soil and Environment 52. p. 184. Van der Merwe, R., Labuschagne, M. T., Herselman, L., and Hugo, A. 2015. Effect of heat stress on seed yield components and oil composition in high-and mid-oleic sunflower hybrids. South African Journal of Plant and Soil 32(3), 121-128. Wani, S. H., Kumar, V., Shriram, V., and Sah, S. K. 2016. Phytohormones and their metabolic engineering for abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. The Crop Journal 4(3): 162-176. Werner, T., Schmulling, T. 2009. Cytokinin action in plant development. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 12: 527-538. Yang, A., Akhtar, S.S., Amjad, M., Iqbal, S., and Jacobsen, S.E. 2016. Growth and physiological responses of quinoa to drought and temperature stress. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 202(6): 445-453. Zaheer, M. S., Raza, M. A. S., Saleem, M. F., Erinle, K. O., Iqbal, R., and Ahmad, S. 2019. Effect of rhizobacteria and cytokinins application on wheat growth and yield under normal vs drought conditions. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 50(20): 2521-2533. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 504 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 358 |
||