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اثر تنش شوری و اسید سالیسیلیک بر صفات مورفولوژیک، فیزیولوژیک و عملکرد Satureja spicigera (C. Koch) Boiss. | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 40، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 121، مهر 1403، صفحه 485-505 اصل مقاله (923.16 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2024.131923 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| برزو یوسفی* 1؛ رویا کرمیان2 | ||
| 11- دانشجوی دکترای فیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان | ||
| 2گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: مرزه خزنده (Satureja spicigera (C. Koch) Boiss.) گیاهی دارویی و چند ساله است که در شمال و شمال‌غرب ایران رویش دارد. اسانس این گیاه خاصیت آنتی‌بیوتیک دارد و در تهیه داروهای گیاهی، فراورده‌های غذایی و بهداشتی استفاده میشود. تنش شوری اثرهای نامطلوبی بر فرایندهای فتوسنتزی و رشد و عملکرد گیاه دارد. اسید سالیسیلیک از طریق تنظیم بسیاری از فرایندهای فیزیولوژیکی و آنزیمی از گیاهان در برابر تنش محافظت می‌کند. تاکنون اطلاعات چندانی در مورد تأثیر اسید سالیسیلیک در شرایط تنش شوری بر صفات مورفولوژیکی، عملکردی و فیزیولوژیکی مرزه خزنده منتشر نشده است. مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش در قالب طرح فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار سطح شوری (صفر، 50، 100 و 150 میلی‌مولار) و 2 سطح اسید سالیسیلیک (صفر و 2 میلی‌مولار) در 3 تکرار در سال 1398 در گلخانه مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کرمانشاه اجرا شد. صفات فلورسانس کلروفیل، شـاخص کلروفیـل، محتوای پرولین برگ، پروتئین محلول، ارتفاع گیاه، سطح برگ، وزن تر برگ، وزن تر ریشه، وزن تر اندام هوایی، وزن خشک برگ، وزن خشک ریشه، وزن خشک اندام هوایی، محتوای آب نسبی و هدایت الکتریکی برگ اندازه‌گیری شد. تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها توسط نرم‌افزار IBM SPSS Statistics (Ver. 26) انجام شد. مقایسه میانگین‌ها با استفاده از آزمون دانکن در سطح 5% انجام گردید. نتایج: بیشترین ارتفاع گیاه (92.7 سانتی‌متر)، سطح برگ (0.8 سانتی‌متر مربع)، وزن تازه اندام هوایی (26.8 گرم) و وزن خشک اندام هوایی (9.1 گرم) در تیمار نمک طعام صفر میلی‌مولار + اسید سالیسیلیک 2 میلی‌مولار به‌دست آمد. بیشترین وزن تر برگ (13.4 میلی‌گرم)، بیشترین وزن خشک برگ (2.5 میلی‌گرم) و بیشترین عملکرد کوانتومی فتوسیستم II (0.80) در تیمار نمک طعام 50 میلی‌مولار + اسید سالیسیلیک 2 میلی‌مولار مشاهده شد. بیشترین وزن تر ریشه (27.3 گرم)، بیشترین وزن خشک ریشه (4.3 گرم)، بیشترین شاخص فتوسنتزی (36.9) و بیشترین محتوای آب نسبی (91.7%) در تیمار شاهد نمک به‌دست آمد. بیشترین محتوای پرولین (12.7 میکروگرم بر گرم) در تیمار 150 میلی‌مولار نمک طعام مشاهده شد. بیشترین پروتئین محلول (1.1 میلی‌گرم بر گرم) در تیمار 100 میلی‌گرم نمک طعام + اسید سالیسیلیک 2 میلی‌مولار مشاهده شد. کاربرد اسید سالیسیلیک 2 میلی‌مولار در شرایط تنش شوری ارتفاع گیاه (16.3%)، سطح برگ (18.6%)، وزن تازه برگ (17.3%)، وزن تازه اندام هوایی (35.4%)، وزن خشک اندام هوایی (35.7%)، محتوای آب نسبی (8.4%) و پروتئین محلول را 41.4% افزایش داد ولی محتوای پرولین (41.4%) و هدایت الکتریکی (49.4%) را کاهش داد. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد که استفاده از سالسیلیک اسید در شرایط تنش شوری موجب بروز تغییراتی در برخی ویژگی‌های مرفوفیزیولوژیکی، عملکردی، فتوسنتزی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه مرزه خزنده میشود. افزایش شوری صفات رویشی و عملکردی گیاه و نیز برخی صفات فتوسنتزی و فیزیولوژیکی را کاهش داد ولی میزان تنظیم‌کننده‌های اسمزی از قبیل پرولین و پروتئین را افزایش داد. کاربرد سالیسیلیک اسید 2 میلی‌مولار توانست برخی اثرهای مخرب شوری را در گیاه مرزه خزنده بهبود ببخشد، به‌طوری‌که گیاهان تیمار شده با اسید سالیسیلیک نسبت به گیاهانی که تحت تنش شوری بودند ولی اسید سالیسیلیک دریافت نکردند، مقاومت بیشتری به شوری نشان دادند و رشد بهتری داشتند. براساس نتایج این تحقیق، کشت این گیاه در خاک‌های با شوری بیشتر از 100 میلی‌مولار توصیه نمی‌شود. همچنین در صورت کاشت مرزه خزنده در خاک‌های با شوری کمتر از 100 میلی‌مولار، می‌توان از اسید سالیسیلیک 2 میلی‌مولار به صورت محلول‌پاشی برگی برای رشد بهتر گیاه و افزایش درآمد زارعان بیشتر استفاده کرد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پرولین؛ فتوسنتز؛ شاخص کلروفیل؛ مرزه خزنده؛ Satureja spicigera (C. Koch) Boiss | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of salt stress and salicylic acid on morphological, physiological, and growth traits of creeping savory (Satureja spicigera (C. Koch) Boiss) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Borzoo Yoosefi1؛ Roya Karamian2 | ||
| 11- PHD Student of Plant Physiology, Bu- Ali Sina University- Hamadan | ||
| 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Bu-Ali Sina university | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and objectives: Creeping savory is a medicinal and perennial plant that grows in the north and northwest of Iran. The essential oil of this plant has antibiotic properties and is used in herbal medicines, food preparation, and health products. Salinity stress has adverse effects on photosynthetic processes and plant growth and yield. Salicylic acid protects plants against stress by regulating many physiological and enzymatic processes. So far, not much information has been published about the effect of salicylic acid on the physiological process, morphologically, and yielding traits of creeping savory under salinity stress conditions. Methodology: This factorial experiment was implemented in the greenhouse of the Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center based on a Completely Randomized Design including four levels of salinity (0-50-100-150 mM) and two levels of salicylic acid (0 and 2 mM). Chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) was measured with a Hansatech, UK Pocket PEA device. The chlorophyll index (SPAD) was measured with a SPAD-502Plus device, Minolta, Japan. Leaf proline content and soluble protein were measured based on Bradford method using a Bio Tek PowerWave XS2 Microplatereader, USA. Various morphological and yield traits such as plant height, leaf area (by a Light Box device, ADC, UK), leaf fresh weight, root fresh weight, and shoot fresh weight (g) were measured. Leaf dry weight, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight were weighed after drying the samples at 75°C for 48 hours. Relative water content (RWC) was calculated. Leaf electrical conductivity (µS/cm) was measured with an EC COND 3110, WTW (Germany). Analysis of variance and comparison of means (Dunkan test) were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics (Ver. 26). Results: The highest plant height (92.7 cm), leaf area (0.8 cm2), shoot fresh weight (26.9 g), and shoot dry weight (9.15 g) were obtained at 0 mM NaCl + 2 mM SA. The highest leaf fresh weight (13.5 mg), leaf dry weight (2.5 mg), quantum yield of photosystem II (0.80), and photosynthetic index (37.0) were observed at 50 mM NaCl + 2 mM SA. The highest root fresh weight (27.3 grams), root dry weight (4.3 grams), and the highest relative water content (91.7 percent) were obtained at 0 mM NaCl. The highest proline (12.7 μg/g) was observed at 150 mM NaCl and the highest soluble protein (1.1 mg/g) was observed at 100 mM NaCl + 2 mM SA. The use of 2 mM salicylic acid, under salinity stress conditions, increased plant height (16.4%), leaf area (18.6%), leaf fresh weight (17.3%), shoot fresh weight (35.4%), shoot dry weight (35.8%), relative water content (8.4%) and soluble protein by 41.4%, but decreased proline content (41.4%) and electrical conductivity (49.4%). Applying 2 mM salicylic acid has a significant effect on root fresh weight, maximum quantum yield of photosystem II and chlorophyll index in mild salinity conditions. Also, SA increased leaf dry weight in mild salt stress but decreased it in severe salinity conditions. Conclusion: This research showed that applying salicylic acid under salinity stress causes changes in some morphophysiological, photosynthetic, and biochemical characteristics of creeping savory. Increasing the salinity levels decreased some photosynthetic, physiological, vegetative, and yield traits, but the content of some osmotic regulators, such as proline and protein, was increased. The application of 2 mM salicylic acid improved some of the adverse effects of salinity in creeping savory at different salinity levels, enhancing growth and yield traits in the salicylic acid-treated plants. Applying two mM salicylic acid increases the tolerance of creeping savory against salinity stress by increasing the osmotic protectants and inducing the activity of antioxidant systems. Based on the research results, growing this plant in soils with a salinity of more than 100 mM is not recommended. Also, in the case of planting creeping savory in saline soils (less than 100 mM), to increase plant growth and farmers' income, it is recommended to apply two mM salicylic acid as a foliar spray. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Proline, photosynthesis, chlorophyll index, creeping savory, Satureja spicigera (C. Koch) Boiss | ||
| مراجع | ||
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