| تعداد نشریات | 285 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 83 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,129 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,788 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 50,060,840 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 80,353,094 |
برآورد شاخصهای بهرهوری آب آبیاری و عملکرد زراعت پنبه در شرایط مرسوم کشاورزی شهرستانهای لارستان، داراب و فسا (مطالعه موردی: استان فارس) | ||
| تحقیقات مهندسی سازه های آبیاری و زهکشی | ||
| دوره 25، تابستان - شماره پیاپی 95، مهر 1403، صفحه 74-57 اصل مقاله (583.61 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/idser.2024.367111.1593 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| امیر اسلامی* 1؛ محمدمهدی نخجوانی مقدم2؛ محمد مهدی قاسمی2؛ اکبر جوکار1 | ||
| 1استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شیراز، ایران | ||
| 2استادیار بخش تحقیقات آبیاری، مؤسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| شـناسایی و رفع موانع تولید گیاه پنبه، یکی از مهمترین کالاهای استراتژیک، از قبیل تغییرات اقلیمی و چالش های خشکی و کمآبی از یـک سو و ناپایـداری عملکرد و کیفیت نامناسب محصول از سوی دیگر، اهمیت توجه به تحقیقـات کـاربردی و انتقـال دانش فنی به عرصۀ تولیـد را دو چنـدان کرده است. تحقیق حاضر با هدف اندازهگیری آب آبیاری، عملکرد و بهرهوری آب آبیاری پنبه در شرایط مرسوم در شهرستانهای لارستان، داراب و فسا در استان فارس بهاجرا درآمده است. بدین منظور 20 مزرعه (18 مزرعه آبیاری سطحی و 2 مزرعه آبیاری قطرهای نواری) منتخب در شهرستانهای لارستان، داراب و فسا انتخاب و عملکرد محصول و میزان آب آبیاری در آنها اندازه گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین شاخصهای عملکرد، میزان آب آبیاری و بهرهوری آب آبیاری پنبه در 18 مزرعۀ منتخب استان که با روش سطحی آبیاری میشدند، به ترتیب برابر 4450 کیلوگرم بر هکتار، 9899 مترمکعب بر هکتار و 0/5 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب به دست آمد. بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق، توصیه میشود از یک سو تاریخ کشت و برداشت به ترتیب 20 خردادماه و اول آبان ماه رعایت گردد. از سوی دیگر با قبول 20 تا 25 درصد کمآبیاری تنظیم شده در دوره رشد، میزان آب آبیاری بهینه، بدون لحاظکردن ضریب آبشویی برای گیاه پنبه، در این مناطق با روش آبیاری سطحی بین 9000 تا 10000 مترمکعب در هکتار در نظر گرفته شود. همچنین تاکید میشود کشاورزان پیش از کاشت پنبه، از خاک نمونهبرداری کنند و طبق توصیههای کارشناسان،کوددهی بهینه را دنبال کنند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| آب آبیاری؛ عملکرد پنبه؛ نیاز آبی؛ مدیریت آبیاری | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Estimation of irrigation water productivity indicators and cotton cultivation yield in conventional agricultural conditions of Larestan, Darab and Fasa cities (case study: Fars province) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Amir Eslami1؛ Mohammad Mehdi Nakhjavanimoghaddam2؛ Mohammadmehdi Gasemi2؛ Akbar Jokar1 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education And Extention Organization, Shiraz, Iran | ||
| 2Assistant Professor of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Department, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract Introduction Recognizing and removing production obstacles such as climate changes and drought and water shortage challenges, on one hand, and performance instability and Inappropriate product quality, on the other hand, has doubled the importance of paying attention to applied research and transfer of technical knowledge to the field of production. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of farmers' management in different climates of cotton-producing areas of Fars province on the irrigation water productivity index. Methodology This research was carried out in the field in order to determine the cotton irrigation water in the fields under the management of farmers during one cropping season (2018-2019) in Larestan, Darab and Fasa areas in Fars province. A total of 20 experimental farms were selected. Registration of irrigation program and measurement of water source flow using WSC flume device and volumetric meter were also done. After determining the flow rate of the water source, according to the number of hours of irrigation, the applied irrigation water in each irrigation turn was determined in each of the selected fields. The simplest method that can be used in farmers' fields to estimate the physical productivity of irrigation water of a plant is to measure the yield and amount of irrigation water during the cropping season. In order to estimate the pure water requirement of cotton in the study areas, first, the reference evapotranspiration was calculated using the ETo-calculator software (Raes, 2012) according to the FAO Penman-Monteith method. The meteorological information used included daily average maximum and minimum air temperature, maximum and minimum relative humidity, wind speed at a height of 10 meters (m/s) and the number of sunny hours per day in a statistical period of 10 years. In order to determine plant coefficient values in different stages of cotton growth, first, according to field observations, the four stages of cotton growth were determined. Then the plant coefficients related to each growth stage were selected based on the proposal of FAO publication 56 (Allen et al., 1998). Considering the efficiency of 60 and 90% for surface and drip irrigation systems, respectively (Abassi et al., 2015), the gross water requirement of farms was obtained. Results and Discussion The average yield of cotton in Larestan, Darab and Fasa cities is 4300, 5775 and 3080 kg per hectare, respectively. As it is known, the lowest crop yield was obtained in Fasa district, which could be due to high soil salinity. According to the research of Nakhjavani Moghadam et al. (Nakhjavani Moghadam et al., 2019), the average yield of cotton in the country is reported to be 3383.5 kg per hectare, which has increased by 27 and 70 percent in Larestan and Darab, respectively, and the cotton average yield in Fasa is 9 The percentage has decreased. The average amount of irrigation water in selected farms and 18 farms that were irrigated by surface irrigation method was 9944 and 9899 cubic meters per hectare, respectively. The average water productivity in the selected farms of the province was 0.5 kg/m3, which is 16.3% higher than the national average reported by Nakhjavani Moghadam et al. Also, the average water productivity in the surface irrigation method was 0.49 kg/m3. The average water requirement of cotton in the selected farms of Fars province was calculated as 849, 888 and 989 mm, respectively, based on 10-year meteorological data, meteorological data of the project implementation year and the national water document. Surface and drip irrigation methods in Darab city did not have significant statistical differences in any of the indicators. Conclusions Taking into account the latest statistics on the area under cotton cultivation in Fars province (19,269 hectares), the volume of water consumed in all the cotton fields of the province is estimated at 191 million cubic meters per year. The results showed that the average indicators of yield, irrigation water and productivity of cotton irrigation water in 18 selected farms of the province that were irrigated by surface method were 4450 kg/ha, 9899 m3/ha and 0.5 kg/m3, respectively. Based on the results of this research, it is recommended that the optimal planting and harvesting dates are observed by the operators on June 20 and November 1, respectively. On the other hand, by accepting the amount of regulated deficit irrigation (20-25%) during the growth period, the optimal irrigation water amount regardless of the leaching coefficient for the cotton plant in these areas with the surface irrigation method should be considered between 9000 and 10000 cubic meters per hectare. It is also emphasized that before planting, farmers should take the soil sample and test it and perform optimal fertilization management according to the recommendations of experts. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Cotton yield, Irrigation water, Irrigation management, Water requirement | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abbasi, F., Akbari, M., Naseri, A., Abbasi, N., Baghani, J., Jolani, M. Shahrokhnia, M.A., Nakhjavani-Moghadam, M.M., Sepehri, S., Moayeri, M., Hasan-Oghli, A.R., Haghayeghi-Moghadam, A., Ghadami-Firoozabadi, A. , Mousavi Fazl, H., & Yazdani, M.R. (2024). A review of water consumption management indicators of different crops in Iran. Irrigation and Drainage Structures Engineering Research, 25(94): 1-16. Abbasi, F., Abbasi, N., & Tavakoli, A.R. (2016). Water productivity in the agricultural sector; Challenges and prospects. Journal of water and sustainable development, 4(1): 141-144. (in Persian) Abbasi, F., & Abbasi, N. (2023). An analysis of irrigation efficiencies over time in Iran. Iranian Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 17(6): 1025-1033. (in Persian) Afshar, H. & Mehrabadi, H. R. (2016). Investigating the performance of cotton and its components in two methods of drip and furrow irrigation. Seedling and Seed Quarterly, No. 4. (in Persian) Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., & Smith, M. (1998). Crop Evapotranspiration, (guidelines for computing crop water requirements). FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, No. 56. Anon. 2021. Statistics of Fars Jahad-Agricultural Organization. (in Persian) Anon. 2024. Agricultural Statistics. The First Volume of the Crops “Crop Year 2022-2023”. Bureau of Statistics and Information and Communications Technology in Ministry of Agriculture, 126 p. (in Persian) Asadi, R., Hasanpour, F., Tabatabayi, S. M. & Kohi, N. (2012). Evaluation of surface and subsurface drip irrigation systems on cotton yield in Orzuiyeh, Kerman province. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Techniques and Natural Resources, Water and Soil Sciences, 17(63): 11-20. (in Persian) Aujla, M.S., Thind, H.S. & Butter, G.S. (2005). Cotton yield and water use efficiency at various levels of water and N through drip irrigation under two methods of planting. Agricultural Water Management, 51:167-179. Ayars, J.E., Hutmacher, R.B., Vail, S.S., & Schoneman, R.A. (1991). Cotton response to nonuniform and varying depths of irrigation, Agricultural water Management, l 9: 151-166. Azari, H. M. (1996). Final report of the plan to determine evaporation and transpiration potential by lysimetry method. Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Golestan Province, Agricultural Research, Education and Promotion Organization. (in Persian) Bakhtiyor, K., Nazirbay, I., Yusupbek, E., Stevsn, E., & Lee, H. (2003). Irrigation scheduling study of drip irrigated cotton by use of soil moisture neutron probe. International Water and Irrigation, 23(1): 38-41. Cetin, O. & Bilgel, L. (2002). Effect of different irrigation methods on schedding and yield of cotton. Agricultural Water Management, 54(1):1-15. Eslami, A., Shahrokhnia, M.A. & Ghafouri, V. (2019). Presenting a simple program for managing drip irrigation systems of cotton fields (case study: Darab and Larestan cities). Oilseeds Extension Journal, 2(2): 92-84. (in Persian) Farshi, A.A., Shariati, M.R., Jarollahi, R., Ghaemi, M.R., Shahabi Far, M. & Tavalaie, M.M. (2015). Estimation of water requirements for major garden and crop plants in the country. Publications of Soil and Water Research Institute. (in Persian) Feike, T., Khor, L.Y., Mamitimin, Y., Ha, N., Li, L., Abdusalih, N., Xiao, H., & Doluschitz, R. (2017). Determinants of cotton farmers, irrigation water management in arid Northwestern China, Agricultural Water Management, 187: 1-10. Ghaemi, M. (2018). Irrigation method in cotton cultivation in Varamin region. Soil and Water Research Institute. (in Persian) Ghorbani Nasrabad, g. (2007). The effect of deficite irrigation in different stages of growth on the quantitative and qualitative properties of cotton. Publications of the country's cotton research institute, final report. (in Persian) Ibragimov, N., Evett, S. R., Esanbekov, Y., Kamilov, B. S., Mirzaev, L, & Lamers, J. P.A. (2007). Water use efficiency of irrigated cotton in Uzbekistan under drip and furrow irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 90(1-2):112-120. Jafar Aghaei, M. & Jalali, A.H. (2013). The effect of irrigation water salinity on the yield and water use efficiency of three cotton cultivars. Journal of agricultural and horticultural products processing production, 2(5): 97-107. (in Persian) Jolaini, M. & Mehrabadi, H.R. (2010). Investigating the effect of surface and subsurface drip irrigation methods and round irrigation on the quantity and quality of cotton. The final report of the Agricultural Engineering Research Institute. (in Persian) Kiani, A.R. (2013). Cotton irrigation planning. Promotional publication of Agricultural Engineering Research Institute. (in Persian) Li, N., Shi, X., Zhang, H., Shi, F., Zhang, H., Liang, Q., Hao, X., Luo, H., & Wang, J. (2024). Optimizing irrigation strategies to improve the soil microenvironment and enhance cotton water productivity under deep drip irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 305:1-15. Nakhjavani Moghadam, M.M., Haqhayeghi Moghadam, A., Jolaini, M., Sohrabi Meshkabadi, B., Eslami A., Khosravi, H., & Akhwan, K. (2019). Determination of Cotton water consumption. The final report of the Agricultural Engineering Research Institute. (in Persian) Raes, D. (2012). The ETo Calculator, Reference Manual, Version 3.2. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Land and Water Division. Rahimian M. & Kakhki, A. (2016). Calculation of water requirement of cotton plant by lysimeter method in Kashmar region. Journal of Water and Soil Sciences, 21: 145-141. Rao, S.S., Tanwar, S.P.S., & Regar, P.L. (2016). Effect of deficit irrigation, phosphorous inoculation and cycocel spray on root growth, seed cotton yield and water productivity of drip irrigated cotton in arid environment. Agricultural Water Management, 169:14-25. Shirvanian, A., Haghighatnia, H. & Mehrjo, S. (2013). Determining the economic threshold of deficite irrigation of cotton in Darab city. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 28(4): 312-321. (in Persian) Silvertooth, J.C., Galadima, A. & Norton, E.R. (2001). Evaluation of Irrigation termination effects on fiber micronaire and yield of Upland cotton. The University of Arizona. Sohrabi Moshkabadi, b. (2013). Final report of determining the most appropriate time to start irrigation and its effect on yield and quality of cotton fibers. Publications of the country's cotton research institute. (in Persian) Sohrabi Moshkabadi, b. (2016). Cotton water productivity of the country. Technical publication of Cotton Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. (in Persian) Wanjura, D.F., Upchurch, D.R., Mahan, J.R. & Burke, J.J. (2002). Cotton yield and applied water relationships under drip irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 55(3):217-237. Zwart S.J. & Bastiansen W.G.M. (2004). Review of measured crop water productivity values for irrigated wheat, rice, cotton, and maize. Agricultural Water Management, 69:115-133.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 434 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 225 |
||