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کاهش اثرهای تنش خشکی با استفاده از اندوفیت باکتریایی (Agrobacterium deltaense) در آویشن باغی (Thymus vulgaris L.) | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 40، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 122، دی 1403، صفحه 731-750 اصل مقاله (1.15 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2023.359502.3406 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| افسون کامیاب1؛ داود صمصام پور* 1؛ نوید احمدی نسب2؛ عبدالنبی باقری3 | ||
| 1گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران | ||
| 2مرکز مطالعات و تحقیقات هرمزگان، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس | ||
| 3استادیار گروه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی هرمزگان، سازمان آموزش و ترویج تحقیقات کشاورزی، بندرعباس، | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: گیاه آویشن (Thymus vulgaris L.) از گیاهان دارویی و معطر و متعلق به خانواده نعناعیان است. این گیاه دارای خواص ارزشمند دارویی و تغذیه‌ای می‌باشد. خواص دارویی آویشن باغی سبب شده است تا این گیاه از معروف‌ترین گیاهان در دنیا باشد، بنابراین تولید آن نقش مهمی در اقتصاد کشاورزی ایران دارد. تنش‌های محیطی اثر معنی‌داری روی عملکرد و کیفیت گیاهان دارویی دارند. خشکی از مهمترین تنش‌های غیرزیستی و از عوامل محدود کننده تولید محصولات در جهان می‌باشد که می‌تواند اثرهای نامطلوبی روی رشد و عملکرد گیاهان داشته باشد. اندوفیت‌های باکتریایی به‌عنوان یکی از انواع میکروارگانیسم‌های هم‌زیست با گیاهان، نقش مهمی در بهبود رشد و عملکرد گیاهان میزبان خود در شرایط تنش خشکی دارند. با توجه به مشکلات کم‌آبی در ایران، این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر اندوفیت باکتریایی Agrobacterium deltaense جدا شده از گیاه مور تلخ (Salvia mirzayanii) بر برخی خصوصیات کمّی و کیفی گیاهان آویشن باغی تحت تنش خشکی انجام شد. مواد و روش‌ها: ابتدا با استفاده از روش‌های مورفولوژیک، فیزیولوژیک و مولکولی، اندوفیت باکتریایی شناسایی شد. سپس بذرهای ضدعفونی شده آویشن باغی در شرایط استاندارد کشت گردیدند و پس از دو ماه به گلدان منتقل شدند. پس از طی شش ماه از زمان انتقال کشت به گلدان، در سه مرحله به‌طور هفتگی با استفاده از اندوفیت باکتریایی A. deltaense، در گیاهان آویشن باغی تلقیح انجام شد. سوسپانسیون باکتری در محیط کشت NB با غلظت 108 × 1 میلی‌لیتر تنظیم شد، سپس به‌صورت محلول‌پاشی به اندام‌های هوایی گیاهان و تزریق به ریشه انجام گردید. برای اطمینان از حضور اندوفیت‌ها پس از گذشت یک ماه از محلول‌پاشی، آزمون استقرار اندوفیت باکتریایی در گیاه انجام شد و بعد از آن تنش خشکی به مدت سه ماه اعمال گردید و بعد صفات مورفولوژیک، فیزیولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی گیاه آویشن باغی ارزیابی شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه دانشگاه هرمزگان در سال 1400 انجام شد. تیمارها در چهار سطح تنش خشکی (0، 25، 50 و 75 درصد ظرفیت مزرعه) و دو سطح تلقیح باکتری (عدم تلقیح و تلقیح باA. deltaense ) تعیین شدند. صفات مورد ارزیابی شامل: ارتفاع، وزن‌تر و خشک ساقه و ریشه، درصد نشت الکترولیت، کلروفیل a و b، کلروفیل کل، کاروتنوئید، پرولین، قندهای محلول، میزان فنول کل و درصد اسانس وابستگی میکوریزایی بودند. نتایج: تنش خشکی اثرهای معنی‌داری بر کاهش عملکرد گیاه آویشن باغی ازجمله کاهش ارتفاع ساقه، وزن تر و خشک ساقه و ریشه، کلروفیل a وb، کلروفیل کل و کاروتنوئید داشت. با این حال، تحت تنش خشکی شدید (75% ظرفیت زراعی)، تلقیح آویشن باغی با اندوفیت باکتریایی A. deltaense باعث افزایش معنی‌دار ارتفاع (35.41%)، وزن خشک ریشه (85.71%)، وزن تر ریشه (35.74%)، وزن خشک ساقه (22.83)، وزن تر ساقه (37%)، کلروفیل a (15.97%)، کلروفیل b (41.09%)، کلروفیل کل (20.77)، کاروتنوئیدها (25%) و سبب کاهش نشت الکترولیت به میزان 5.90% نسبت به شاهد و کاهش اثرهای منفی تنش خشکی گردید. همچنین، حضور اندوفیت باکتریایی A. deltaense در برابر عدم حضور آن در شرایط تنش خشکی، منجر به افزایش صفات پرولین (17.07%)، قندهای محلول (15.09%)، فنول کل (27.39%)، درصد اسانس (20%) و میزان وابستگی میکوریزایی (84%) نسبت به شاهد شد. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که میکروارگانیسم‌های مفید ازجمله اندوفیت باکتریایی می‌توانند به‌عنوان راهکاری مناسب برای افزایش تحمل گیاهان به تنش خشکی استفاده شوند. از این ظرفیت می‌توان در جهت کشاورزی پایدار و کاهش محدودیت‌های کشت در مناطقی مانند مناطق خشک و کم‌آب استفاده کرد. در صورت استفاده از اندوفیت باکتریایی A. deltaense در کشت آویشن باغی تحت شرایط تنش خشکی، می‌توان بهبود رشد و عملکرد گیاهان، افزایش میزان درصد اسانس و فنول کل که نشانگر کیفیت و ترکیبات مؤثر درمانی آنهاست را مشاهده کرد. این افزایش نه تنها به ارتقاء خواص دارویی گیاهان کمک می‌کند بلکه ارزش اقتصادی و تجاری آنها را نیز افزایش می‌دهد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| آویشن باغی (Thymus vulgaris L.)؛ اندوفیت؛ تحمل خشکی؛ قند محلول؛ کود بیولوژیک | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Reduction of the effects of drought stress in Thymus vulgaris L. by using endophytic bacteria (Agrobacterium deltaense) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| A. Kamyab1؛ D. Samsampour1؛ N. Ahmadinasab2؛ A. Bagheri3 | ||
| 1Department of Horticulture Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resource, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, | ||
| 2Hormozgan studies and research center, university of hormozgan | ||
| 3Assist. Prof. Plant Protection Research Department, Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas, I.R.Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and objectives: Drought is one of the most important factors limiting the production of crops in the world, which can adversely affect the growth and performance of plants. Bacterial endophytes, as one of the microorganisms symbiotic with plants, play an essential role in improving the growth and performance of their host plants under drought-stress conditions. Considering the problems of water scarcity in Iran, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of the bacterial endophyte Agrobacterium deltaense isolated from the bitter myrtle (Salvia mirzayanii) plant on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of thyme plants under drought stress. Methodology: The bacterial endophyte was identified using morphological, physiological and molecular methods. Then, the sterilized Thyme seeds were cultivated under standard conditions and transferred to pots after two months. Six months after transplanting the culture to the pot, Thyme plants were inoculated in three stages weekly using A. deltaense bacterial endophyte. The bacterial suspension was adjusted in an NB culture medium with a 1 × 108 ml concentration. Then, they were applied as foliar spraying to the aerial parts of the plants and injected into the roots. To ensure the presence of endophytes after one month of foliar spraying to the aerial parts and injection to the roots, the bacterial endophyte establishment test was performed in the plant, and then drought stress was applied for three months, and then the morphological traits, Physiological and biochemical properties of thyme plant were evaluated. A factorial experiment in the form of a randomized complete design was performed in three replications on the research greenhouse of the Horticulture Department of Hormozgan University in 2021. The treatments were determined at four levels of drought stress (0, 25, 50 and 75% of field capacity) and two levels of bacterial inoculation (no inoculation and inoculation with A. deltaense). The assessed traits included: height, fresh and dry weight of stem and root, percentage of electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, prolin, soluble sugar, Total Phenolic Content, Essential Oil Percentage and mycorrhizal dependency. Results: Drought stress led to significant effects on the reduced performance of garden thyme plants, including decreased stem height, fresh and dry weight of stems and roots, chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids. However, under severe drought stress (75% field capacity), inoculation of garden thyme with the endophytic bacterium A. deltaense resulted in a significant increase in stem height (41.35%), root dry weight (71.85%), root fresh weight (74.35%), stem dry weight (83.22%), stem fresh weight (37%), chlorophyll a (97.15%), chlorophyll b (09.41%), total chlorophyll (77.20%), carotenoids (25%), and caused a significant reduction in electrolyte leakage by 90.5% compared to the control. Furthermore, the presence of the endophytic bacterium A. deltaense, in contrast to its absence under drought stress conditions, led to an increase in proline (17.07%), soluble sugars (15.09%), total phenolics (27.39%), and essential oil percentage (20%), mycorrhizal dependency (84%) compared to the control. Conclusion: The study's results suggest that beneficial microorganisms, including bacterial endophytes, can be used as a suitable way to increase plant resistance to drought. This potential can be used for sustainable agriculture and reduced slaughter limits in dry and low-water areas. In the case of the use of A. deltaense bacterial endophyte in garden aviation slaughter under dry conditions, improvement in the growth and functioning of plants can be observed, as well as an increase in the percentage of essential oil and phenol content, which is an indicator of their quality and effective therapeutic compounds. This increase not only helps promote plants' medicinal properties but also increases their economic and commercial value. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Thymus vulgaris L, endophyte, drought tolerance, soluble sugars, biofertilizer | ||
| مراجع | ||
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