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تخمین میزان زیان اقتصادی سرخرطومی یونجه Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) بر پایه نرخ تغذیه آزمایشگاهی | ||
| نامه انجمن حشره شناسی ایران | ||
| مقاله 7، دوره 45، شماره 1، دی 1403، صفحه 87-96 اصل مقاله (624.46 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله کامل، انگلیسی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.61186/jesi.45.1.7 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهسا قهرمانی* 1؛ سید علی صفوی1؛ شهزاد ایرانی پور2 | ||
| 1گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه ، ارومیه، ایران | ||
| 2گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز ، تبریز، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سرخرطومی یونجه Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) ، یکی از آفات اصلی یونجهMedicago sativa L. (Fabaceae) است. حشرات بالغ و لاروهای این آفت از شاخ و برگ یونجه تغذیه میکنند، به گونهای که در اوایل فصل باعث آسیب رساندن و کاهش عملکرد و کیفیت یونجه میشوند. در این مطالعه، میزان تغذیه لاروها روی برگ یونجه در آزمایشگاه برآورد شد. حشرات کامل بعد از ظهور ظاهراً به دلیل دیاپوز تغذیه نکردند. لاروهای سن اول (n=150) بلافاصله پس از تفریخ در آزمایشگاه با برگهای یونجه محصور شدند. وزن برگها (گرم) درست قبل و بعد از تغذیه لارو به مدت 24 ساعت اندازهگیری شد. لاروها به مدت 33-35 روز در آزمایشگاه تغذیه و چهار سن لاروی را سپری کردند. نتایج نشان داد که هر لارو میتواند 153/178±0/8 گرم بافت برگ را در تمام مراحل لاروی مصرف کند. برآوردهای ما نشان داد که چنانچه هزینه حشرهکشها 6700000-14700000 ریال در هکتار بسته به ارزش بازار و یک کیلوگرم خوراک یونجه نیز معادل 40000 ریال باشد، 5/367-5/167 کیلوگرم محصول معادل هزینههای کنترل است. چنانچه همه لاروها زنده بمانند تا شفیره شوند (مصرف کل زندگی)، 0/2-5/4 لارو در مترمربع قابل تحمل و نیازی به اقدام ندارند. با این حال، اگر کل مرگ و میر 25، 50 یا 75 درصد با نرخ ثابت رخ دهد، تراکم قابل تحمل به ترتیب به (5/2-4/5)، (2/3- 0/7) و (8/4-6/10) در متر مربع افزایش مییابد. با فرض اینکه یک حشره کش 90 تا 99 درصد آفت را از بین ببرد، 4/17-9/7 تا 3/46-1/21 لارو در هر متر مربع در صورت مداخله به موقع کشاورز ضرری در پی نخواهد داشت. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| مدیریت آفات؛ هزینههای کنترل؛ مداخله؛ تغذیه برگ؛ تراکم قابل تحمل؛ ارزش عملکرد | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Estimation of alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) economic damage based on the larval laboratory feeding rate | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mahsa Ghahramani1؛ Seyed Ali Safavi1؛ Shahzad Iranipour2 | ||
| 1Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The alfalfa weevil (AW), Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a major pest of alfalfa Medicago sativa L. (Fabaceae). Both adults and larvae feed on alfalfa foliage, damage and reduce hay yield and quality, especially in spring. Larval feeding rate was estimated based on alfalfa leaflet consumption under laboratory conditions (18 ± 2 °C, 60–70% RH). Adults did not consume after emergence, apparently due to diapause. The first instar larvae of AW (n=150) were removed immediately after hatching in the laboratory and were confined with alfalfa leaves. The leaf weights (g) were measured prior to and each 24h after larval feeding. The larvae fed for 33-35 days in the laboratory and underwent four instars. The results revealed that average larval consumption is 8.178±0.153 g leaf tissue during the whole larval stages. Our estimates show that insecticide treatment will cost 6,700,000-14,700,000 IRR/ha depending on market values. One kg alfalfa feed appreciates 40000 IRR. Hence, 167.5-367.5 kg of feed corresponds to control costs. If all larvae survive to pupate (whole lifetime consumption), 2.0-4.5 larvae m-2 are tolerable and need no action. However, if a total mortality of 25, 50, or 75% occurs with a constant rate, tolerable densities will increase to (2.5-5.4), (3.2-7.0), and (4.8-10.6) m-2, respectively. Assuming that an insecticide kills 90- 99% of the pest, 7.9-17.4 to 21.1-46.3 larvae m-2 will cause no loss if farmers intervene on time. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Pest management, Intervention, Leaf consumption, Tolerable densities, Yield value | ||
| مراجع | ||
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