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بررسی اثر کودهای شیمیای و آلی بر خصوصیات زراعی و عملکرد اسانس بادرنجبویه در شرایط آب و هوایی استان کرمانشاه | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 36، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 140، دی 1403، صفحه 57-40 اصل مقاله (585.71 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2024.364187.1666 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| هوشنگ رحمتی* | ||
| گروه کشاورزی، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بادرنجبویه (Melissa officinalis L) گیاهی دارویی با متابولیت‌های با ارزش بوده و شناسایی عوامل زراعی موثر بر تغییرات کمی این گیاه می‌تواند سبب تولید بهتر و بیشتر باشد. این تحقیق بصورت آزمایش فاکتوریل دوعاملی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در شرایط آبی در استان کرمانشاه طی سال زراعی 1401-1400 اجرا شد. عامل اول چهار سطح کود شیمیایی NPK (صفر، 100، 150 و 200 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عامل دوم سه سطح ورمی کمپوست (صفر، 5 و 10 تن در هکتار) بود. تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که سطوح متفاوت NPK و ورمی کمپوست بر تمام صفات زراعی و عملکرد اسانس تاثیر معنی‌داری در سطح 1 درصد داشت. اثر متقابل NPK× ورمی کمپوست برای بیشتر صفات در سطح 5 درصد معنی‌دار بود. مقایسه میانگین نشان داد که با افزایش سطوح NPK و ورمی کمپوست بصورت معنی‌داری خصوصیات زراعی و عملکرد اسانس بادرنجبویه افزایش داشت. برهمین اساس مصرف 5 تن در هکتار ورمی کمپوست سبب شد که عملکرد وزن خشک و اسانس به ترتیب 44/23 و 68/35 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش یابد و همچنین مصرف 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار NPK به ترتیب سبب افزایش 58/29 و 100 درصدی عملکرد وزن خشک و اسانس نسبت به شاهد شد. اما وجود اثر متقابل باعث شد که در شرایط آب و هوایی استان کرمانشاه بکارگیری تلفیقی کود NPK و ورمی کمپوست سبب افزایش عملکرد و تولید اسانس شود و تیمار کودی 150 کیلوگرم NPK به همراه 5 تن در هکتار ورمی کمپوست قابل توصیه برای زراعت بادرنجبویه در استان کرمانشاه باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| گیاه دارویی؛ تغذیه گیاهی؛ NPK؛ کود آلی؛ تولید محصول؛ اسانس | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigating the effect of chemical and organic fertilizer on the agronomic characteristics and oil yield of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) in Kermanshah province climates. | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hoshang Rahmati | ||
| Department of Agriculture, Technical and Engineering Faculty, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction: Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L) is a plant with valuable metabolites, which is of high importance in the food, pharmaceutical and health industries due to its medicinal properties (Cunha et al., 2016). Identifying the agricultural factors affecting the quantitative and qualitative changes of medicinal plants can be the reason for their better and more production (Abbaszadeh et al., 2005). The use of chemical fertilizers has caused many environmental problems, therefore the use of organic fertilizers is important in order to reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizers to achieve sustainable agriculture (Hoseini et al., 2022). Materials and methods: This research was carried out as a factorial design in the form of a randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications in irrigated conditions in Kermanshah province during the crop year of 2021-2022. The first factor included four levels of NPK chemical fertilizers (in the proportions of 20, 20 and 10% N, P and K, respectively) with amounts of zero, 100, 150 and 200 kg per hectare, and the second factor consisted of three levels of vermicompost with amounts of zero, 5 and 10 tons per hectare. Five plants were randomly selected from each plot and plant height, number of branches per plant, leaf length and width were measured. In the flowering stage, an area of one square meter was harvested from each plot and the fresh weight yield of each plot was recorded in kilograms per hectare. In the next step, leaves and stems were separated from each other and weighed for each plot separately, and leaf and stem fresh weight and leaf to stem ratio were calculated. The samples harvested from each plot were dried in dry shade and the dry weight yield of each plot were calculated. From each plot of essential oil for 20 grams of dried leaves were extracted using their celevenger and the percentage of essential oil was determined for each plot, and finally, according to the dry leaf yield per hectare, the amount of essential oil yield per hectare was calculated for each plot. Results and discussion: Analysis of variance showed that different levels of NPK had a significant effect on all traits at the 1% level. Different levels of vermicompost had a significant effect on most of the traits at the 1% level, but it had a significant effect on the leaf length at the 5% level and only on it had no significant effect on leaf width. The interaction effect of NPK × vermicompost was significant at the 5% level for most of the traits, and it was significant at the 1% level for the two traits of leaf wet weight and essential oil yield. No significant interaction effect was observed for leaf width, essential oil percentage, stem fresh weight and leaf/stem. The mean comparison by LSD method at the 5% level showed that with the increase in NPK levels, the agricultural characteristics of lemon balm significantly increased, and also with the increase in vermicompost levels, vegetative growth and essential oil yield increased significantly. But the existence of interaction effect caused the best growing conditions and essential oil production to be created by using 150 kg/ha of NPK along with 5 tons/ha of vermicompost. Conclusion: Fertilizer use increased vegetative growth and essential oil yield in lemon balm. Accordingly, in the climatic conditions of Kermanshah province, the combined use of NPK fertilizer and vermicompost increased the yield and production of essential oil, and due to the interaction between these two types of fertilizer, the treatment of 150 kg of NPK per hectare along with the consumption of 5 tons per hectare of vermicompost is recommended for the cultivation of lemon balm in Kermanshah province. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| medicinal plant, plant nutrition, NPK, organic fertilizer, product production, oil | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 133 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 142 |
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