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اثر حامل‌های مختلف در کارآیی قارچ بیمارگر Metarhizium anisopliae و تاثیر آن بر Meloidogyne javanica در گیاه گوجه فرنگی و بررسی استقرار آن در خاک و ریشه | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه‌پزشکی | ||
| دوره 11، شماره 2، اسفند 1402، صفحه 41-51 اصل مقاله (577.52 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2025.367696.378 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سعید ایمانی* 1؛ سید محمد رضا موسوی2؛ رسول زارع3 | ||
| 1دکتری نماتدشناسی، گروه بیماری شناسی گیاهی، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت، فارس، ایران. | ||
| 2استادیار، گروه بیماری شناسی گیاهی، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت، فارس، ایران. | ||
| 3پروفسور، موسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| قارچ Metarhizium anisopliae یکی از عوامل مهم مهار زیستی نماتدهای ریشه‌گرهی و حشرات است که می‌تواند جایگزین مناسبی برای سموم شیمیایی شود. در این بررسی، تعیین فرمولاسیون اولیه مناسب این قارچ و تاثیر آن در کنترل نماتدهای ریشه‌گرهی روی گیاه گوجه‌فرنگی اجرا شد. قارچ مذکور در شرایط آزمایشگاهی روی بذر ماش کشت داده شد. سپس روی حامل‌های پودری تالک، کائولن، کنجاله سویا، کنجاله آفتابگردان و کنجاله کلزا فرموله شد و ماندگاری اسپور قارچ در حامل‌های مذکور طی 12 ماه بررسی شد. تاثیر قارچ در حامل‌های پودری روی نماتد ریشه‌گرهی روی گیاه گوجه‌فرنگی در شرایط گلخانه‌ای در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی بررسی شد. بیشترین ماندگاری اسپورهای قارچ 12 ماه و مربوط به حامل‌های کنجاله کلزا، سویا و آفتابگردان بود. قارچ فرموله‌شده در حامل‌های کنجاله کلزا، سویا و آفتابگردان در شرایط گلخانه‌ای بالاترین توانایی مهار نماتد (86/5%، 87/2%و 84/5%) را داشت که از نظر آماری شبیه نماتدکش شیمیایی فلوپیرام 86/9% بود. همچنین حامل‌های کنجاله‌های دانه‌های روغنی در استقرار اسپور قارچ در خاک و ریشه و در پی آن کاهش شاخص‌های بیماری‌زایی نماتد و رشد بهتر گیاه موثرتر بودند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد کنجاله‌های دانه‌های روغنی حاملی مناسب برای فرموله‌کردن قارچ بیمارگر M. anisopliae بوده و باعث ماندگاری و استقرار آن در خاک و ریشه می‌شوند و می‌توانند پایة یک فرمولاسیون مناسب جامد برای این قارچ در جهت مهارزیستی نماتد ریشه‌گرهی باشند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ماندگاری؛ نماتد غده ریشه؛ مهار زیستی؛ Metarhizium anisopliae | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| The effect of different carriers on the efficiency of the pathogenic fungus of Metarhizium anisopliae and testing its efficacy against Meloidogyne javanica in tomato and its establishment in the soil and roots | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Saeid Imani1؛ Mohammad Reza Moosavi2؛ Rasul Zare3 | ||
| 1Ph.D. of Nematology, Department of Plant Pathology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Fars, Iran. | ||
| 2Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Fars, Iran. | ||
| 3Professor, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The Metarhizium anisopliae, a valuable biocontrol agent against nematodes and insects, offers a promising alternative. This study aimed to identify the most suitable carrier for the solid formulations of M. anisopliae for effective control of tomato nematodes. Metarhizium anisopliae was cultivated in vitro on mung bean seeds, and spore production was initiated after inoculation. The survival of fungal spores was investigated over 12 months using different carriers, including talc, kaolin, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, and sunflower meal. Subsequently, the effectiveness of the fungus in these carriers against M. javanica on tomato plants was assessed in a greenhouse experiment employing a completely randomized design. The oil seed meals consistently exhibited the highest number of surviving spores throughout the 12–month study period. Among the carriers tested, rapeseed meal, soybean meal, and sunflower meal demonstrated remarkable control efficacy against M. javanica, with suppression rates of 86.5%, 87.2%, and 84.5%, respectively, comparable to the commercial nematicide, Floyram (86.9%). Furthermore, these carriers exhibited superior colonization of the rhizosphere and root tissues (36.1, 35.3, and 35.4 × 105 CFU in gram of root, respectively), contributing to enhanced plant growth. Based on the findings, rapeseed meal, soybean meal, and sunflower meal present promising bases for the development of an efficient carrier for the solid formulations against M. javanica. Implementing such formulations could offer an environmentally friendly and economically viable strategy for managing nematode infestations in tomato cultivation. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Durability, Metarhizium anisopliae, biocontrol agent, root-knot nematode | ||
| مراجع | ||
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