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جداسازی مخمرهای رورست مرکبات و شناسایی جدایه‌های برتر در مهار بیماری کپک سبز میوه | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه‌پزشکی | ||
| دوره 11، شماره 2، اسفند 1402، صفحه 53-65 اصل مقاله (580.79 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2025.368126.382 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سیما حاتمی1؛ ولی اله بابایی زاد2؛ فرید بیکی فیروزجاهی* 3؛ زهره مرادی4 | ||
| 1دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، مازندران، ایران. | ||
| 2استاد، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، مازندران، ایران. | ||
| 3استادیار، موسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 4استادیار،گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده علوم زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، مازندران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| کپک سبز یکی از مهمترین بیماری‌های میوه مرکبات در مراحل پس از برداشت و دوره انبارداری می‌باشد که در صورت عدم مدیریت درست، خسارت‌های قابل توجهی را ایجاد می‌کند، هرچند در سال‌های اخیر با استفاده از قارچکش‌های شیمیایی می‌توان این بیمارگر را مدیریت کرد، اما برای کاهش مصرف آفت‌کش و حذف باقیمانده‌های سموم، استفاده از سایر روش‌های مدیریت ضروری می‌باشد و استفاده از عوامل میکروبی در حوزه کنترل بیولوژیک یکی از این موارد مهم می‌باشد. بر اساس گزارش‌های متعدد پیشین در خصوص توانایی مخمرها در مهار بیمارگرها، در این پژوهش توانایی جدایه‌های مخمرهای بومی برای مهار بیمارگر کپک سبز، مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. بدین منظور نمونه‌های برگ و میوه مرکبات از مناطق مختلف استان مازندران درطی پاییز 1402، جمع آوری و در آزمایشگاه با استفاده از محیط کشت مالت آگار، جداسازی و خالص‌سازی شدند. به دلیل تعدد فراوان جدایه‌ها، از بین مجموعه به‌دست آمده، براساس خصوصیات فنوتیپی (شکل، رنگ و حاشیه پرگنه، خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و...) نماینده‌هایی انتخاب و آزمون بیوکنترل بر روی میوه مرکبات با 44 جدایه مخمر انجام شد. آزمون بر روی میوه پرتقال رقم تامسون ناولی انجام شد که در زمان برداشت میزان ماده جامد محلول آن 10 درجه بریکس بود. ابتدا تکه‌های میوه در داخل سوسپانسیون مخمر با غلظت 108سلول در هر میلی‌لیتر آب سترون، قرار داده و پس از پنج ساعت نگهداری در دمای محیط، 10 میکرولیتر بیمارگر کپک سبز با غلظت 104سلول در میلی‌لیتر در مرکز هر قطعه برش داده شده قرار گرفت. میوه‌ها به مدت شش روز نگهداری در شرایط انباری با رطوبت بالای 90 درصد تا زمان بروز علایم بیماری نگهداری شدند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس بر اساس درصد بروز بیماری نشان می‌دهد در سطح احتمال یک درصد، در بین مخمرها، اختلاف معنی‌داری از لحاظ توانایی مهار بیمارگر کپک‌سبز در شرایط انبارداری دارا می‌باشند. مقایسه میانگین درصد بروز بیماری بر اساس آزمون چند دامنه‌ای دانکن در سطح یک درصد نشان می‌دهد مخمرهای دو گروه آماری عملکرد بسیار خوبی داشتند. برای شناسایی این جدایه‌های برتر از تعیین ترادف ناحیه D1/D2 در قسمت Large subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (LSU rRNA) استفاده شد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد، مخمرهای Hanseniaspora uvarum، Hanseniaspora occidentalis و Pichia kluyveri به عنوان برترین‌ها بوده‌اند، به طوری که بعد از شش روز مهار کاملی در بروز و توسعه بیمارگر در مقایسه با شاهد داشته‌اند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بیوکنترل؛ Penicillium digitatum؛ اپی‌فیت؛ پس از برداشت؛ پرتقال | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Isolation of citrus epiphytic yeasts and identification of superior isolates in controlling green mold disease | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Sima Hatami1؛ Valiollah Babaiezad2؛ Farid Beiki Firouzjahi3؛ Zohreh Moradi4 | ||
| 1. M.Sc. Student, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran. | ||
| 2Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran. | ||
| 3Assistant Professor, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 4Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Green mold (Penicillium digitatum) is one of the most important diseases of citrus fruits during the postharvest and storage stages, which causes significant damage if not properly managed. In recent years, this pathogen has been controlled by the use of chemical fungicides. In order to reduce fungicide application and eliminate toxic residues, it is necessary to use other management methods. Use of microbial agents in biological control is one of these methods. Based on previous reports on the ability of yeasts to inhibit pathogens, the ability of native isolates to inhibit pathogen that cause green mold has been investigated. For this study, citrus fruit and leaf samples were gathered from various areas in Mazandaran province during autumn of 2023. Yeast colonies were then isolated and purified in the lab by using malt agar medium. Due to the large number of isolates, representatives of isolates were selected based on their phenotypic characteristics (shape, color and margin of the colony, physiological characteristics). The test was conducted on citrus fruits of the Thomson Novel variety and its Soluble solids concentration (SSC) content was determined to be 10 °Brix at the time of harvest. The biocontrol test was carried out on the citrus fruit with 44 yeast isolates. The fruit pieces were initially placed in a yeast suspension with a concentration of 10^8 cells per milliliter of sterile water, and after being stored for five hours at room temperature, 10 microliters of the green mold with a concentration of 10^4 cells per milliliter was added to the center of each cut piece. Fruits were stored under packinghouses conditions with over 90% humidity for six days until symptoms of disease appeared. The results of variance analysis based on the percentage of disease occurrence indicated that among the yeasts, there was a significant difference at a 1% level, regarding their ability to inhibit the green mold pathogen under storage conditions. Comparing the average percentage of disease incidence based on according to Duncan’s multiple range test at significance level 1% shows that the yeasts in the two statistical groups performed very well. Sequencing the D1/D2 domain within the Large subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (LSU rDNA) region was employed to detect these outstanding isolates. According to the results, the top–performing yeasts were Hanseniaspora uvarum, Hanseniaspora occidentalis, and Pichia kluyveri. So that after six days, they had complete inhibition of the occurrence and development of the pathogen compared to the control. . | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Biocontrol, Epiphytic, Orange, Penicillium digitatum, Postharvest | ||
| مراجع | ||
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