| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,079 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,340 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 47,565,217 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 78,581,736 |
تأثیر عصاره آبی جلبک دریایی سارگاسوم (Sargassum polycystum) بر رشد و ویژگیهای بیوشیمیایی گیاه ترخون (Artemisia dracunculus L.) در شرایط تنش خشکی | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 11، دوره 41، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 123، فروردین 1404، صفحه 145-163 اصل مقاله (791.44 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2024.364983.3425 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| احمد بخشی؛ وحید عبدوسی* ؛ مرضیه قنبری جهرمی | ||
| گروه علوم باغی و زراعی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: یکی از مهمترین عوامل اقلیمی که بر توزیع و پراکنش گیاهان سراسر جهان تاثیرگذار بوده و میتواند تغییرات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی و عملکردی در گیاه ایجاد کند، کمبود آب در دسترس گیاه در اثر تنش خشکی است. جلبکها به واسطه داشتن درصد بالای ترکیبات پلیمری است که قادرند مولکولهای آب را جذب نموده و به حالت ژلهای درآیند. درصد بالای املاح و ترکیبات معدنی موجود در جلبکها که نیاز گیاهان به املاح را تأمین میکنند و سبب تحریک رشد و محصول گیاه، ایجاد مقاومت در برابر تنشهای محیطی، افزایش جذب مواد مغذی از خاک و نیز افزایش صفات آنتیاکسیدانی میشوند. ترخون گیاهی است علفی که امروزه به عنوان طعمدهنده در صنایع غذایی و اسانس آن در کنسروسازی و عطرسازی کاربرد دارد. از آنجایی که عصاره جلبک دریایی میتواند با داشتن عناصر مورد نیاز گیاه و هورمونهای رشد بدون آسیب به طبیعت به عنوان کود زیستی جایگزین مناسبی برای کودهای شیمیایی و مقاومت گیاهان به انواع تنشهای محیطی شده و نقش مهمی در مدیریت تامین مواد غذایی سالم داشته باشد، تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی رشد و ویژگیهای بیوشیمیایی گیاه ترخون در شرایط تنش خشکی انجام شده است. مواد و روشها: تحقیق حاضر جهت بررسی رشد، خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی ترخون (Artemisia dracunculus L.) تحت تنش خشکی در چهار سطح (100، 80، 60 و 40 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) و عصاره آبی جلبک دریایی سارگاسوم (عدم محلولپاشی (شاهد)، 1 و 2 گرم در لیتر)؛ در بهار سال 1402 در گلخانهای واقع در دماوند به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملا تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. نشاهای چهار برگی گیاه ترخون از مزرعه آموزشی آموزشکده فنی و حرفهای دماوند تهیه و به گلدانهای سه لیتری منتقل شدند. پس از استقرار گیاهچهها (حدود 10 روز بعد) تنش خشکی به مدت 45 روز و محلولپاشی عصاره جلبک دریایی همزمان با شروع تنش خشکی هر دو هفته یکبار انجام شد. وضعیت رطوبتی گلدانها به وسیله وزن کردن روزانه تمامی آنها مشخص گردید و بدین ترتیب نقصان رطوبتی گلدانها با اضافه نمودن مقدار آب لازم به صورت روزانه و رساندن آنها به حد ظرفیت زراعی تیمار مربوطه جبران شد. نمونهبرداری از گیاهان یک هفته تا 10 روز پس از اتمام تیماردهی زمانی که رشد رویشی گیاه کامل شد (ابتدای ورود به فاز زایشی) جهت اندازهگیری صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی شامل وزن تر و خشک بوته، ارتفاع و تعداد شاخه فرعی و فیتوشیمیایی شامل پرولین و کربوهیدرات محلول، فنول و فلاونوئید کل، فعالیت آنتیاکسیدانی و درصد و عملکرد اسانس صورت گرفت. نتایج: نتایج نشان داد در شرایط تنش خشکی 40 درصد ظرفیت زراعی (تنش خشکی شدید) و عدم کاربرد عصاره جلبک کاهش معنیدار صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک گیاه (ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه اصلی، تعداد شاخه فرعی، وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی، میزان رنگیزههای فتوسنتزی (کلروفیل a، b و کل) گیاه) مشاهده شد، استفاده از عصاره جلبک سبب کاهش اثر منفی تنش خشکی در ترخون شد. در تیمار 60 درصد ظرفیت زراعی (تنش خشکی ملایم) و عدم استفاده از عصاره جلبک بیشترین مقدار فنول کل (82 میلیگرم بر گرم اسید گالیک)، فلاونوئید کل (64.33 میلیگرم بر گرم کوئرستین)، فعالیت آنتیاکسیدانی (76 درصد) و درصد و عملکرد اسانس ترخون مشاهده گردید. تنش خشکی همچنین میزان آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدانی در گیاه ترخون را افزایش داد و به موجب آن سنتز کربوهیدرات محلول و پرولین نیز نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت. از میان غلظتهای جلبک دریایی، عصاره جلبک 2 گرم در لیتر اثر مثبت بیشتری بر صفات مورد مطالعه داشت. نتیجه گیری: نتایج کلی تحقیق نشان داد که گیاه ترخون نسبت به تنش خشکی خیلی مقاوم نبوده و کاهش عملکرد با افزایش شدت تنش کاملا مشهود بود. در شرایط تنش خشکی استفاده از عصاره جلبک به ویژه عصاره 2 گرم در لیتر داری اثر بهتری در تعدیل شدت تنش خشکی با بهبود شاخصهای مورفوفیزیولوژیک و فیتوشیمیایی مانند مقدار فنول و فلاونوئید کل و میزان اسانس بوته ترخون شد. در بیشتر موارد اختلاف معنیداری بین 2 و 1 گرم در لیتر عصاره جلبک وجود داشت، بنابراین مقدار 2 گرم در لیتر عصاره جلبک در شرایط تنش خشکی پیشنهاد میگردد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پرولین؛ تنش محیطی؛ فنول کل؛ کاتالاز؛ محرک رشد | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of seaweed extract on the growth and biochemical characteristics of Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) under drought stress | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ahmad Bakhshi؛ Vahid Abdossi؛ Marziyeh Ghanbari Jahromi | ||
| Department of Horticultural science and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and objectives: Water availability is one of the most critical climatic factors influencing plant distribution worldwide. Drought stress, resulting from insufficient water availability, can induce plant morphophysiological, biochemical, and functional changes. Seaweed contains a high percentage of polymer compounds capable of absorbing water molecules and forming a gel-like structure. Additionally, its rich composition of salts and essential minerals fulfills plant nutrient requirements, promotes growth and yield, enhances resistance to environmental stress, improves nutrient uptake from the soil, and boosts antioxidant properties. Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) is an herb widely used as a flavoring agent in the food industry, with its essential oil playing a key role in canning and perfumery. Because seaweed extract serves as a natural biofertilizer, providing essential nutrients and plant growth hormones while being environmentally friendly, it represents a viable alternative to chemical fertilizers. Moreover, it enhances plant resilience to various environmental stresses and contributes to sustainable food production. This study aims to investigate the effects of seaweed extract on the growth and biochemical characteristics of tarragon under drought stress conditions. Methodology: This study was conducted to investigate the growth, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of the medicinal plant tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) under drought stress at four levels (100%, 80%, 60%, and 40% field capacity) and foliar application of aqueous Sargassum seaweed extract at three concentrations (0 g/L [control], 1 g/L, and 2 g/L). The experiment was carried out in the spring of 2023 in a greenhouse located in Damavand, using a factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design with three replications. Four-leaf tarragon seedlings were obtained from the training farm of Damavand Technical and Vocational School and transplanted into three-liter pots. After a 10-day establishment period, drought stress was applied for 45 days, with foliar spraying of seaweed extract performed every two weeks, starting simultaneously with the onset of drought stress. Soil moisture levels in the pots were monitored daily by weighing them, and water was added as needed to maintain the target field capacity for each treatment. Plant sampling was conducted one week to 10 days after the completion of treatments, coinciding with the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. Morphophysiological traits, including fresh and dry biomass, plant height, and the number of secondary branches, were measured. Additionally, biochemical parameters such as proline content, soluble carbohydrates, total phenol and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and essential oil yield and percentage were analyzed. Results: The results indicated that under severe drought stress (40% field capacity) and in the absence of seaweed extract application, there was a significant reduction in morphophysiological traits, including plant height, main stem diameter, number of secondary branches, fresh and dry weight of aerial parts, and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll). However, the application of seaweed extract mitigated the adverse effects of drought stress on tarragon. Under mild drought stress (60% field capacity) without seaweed extract application, the highest levels of total phenol (82 mg/g gallic acid), total flavonoid (64.33 mg/g quercetin), antioxidant activity (76%), and essential oil yield and percentage were observed. Drought stress also enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes, leading to increased synthesis of soluble carbohydrates and proline compared to the control. Among the tested seaweed extract concentrations, the application of 2 g/L had the most significant positive impact on the evaluated traits, further improving plant resilience and biochemical responses under drought-stress conditions. Conclusion: The overall findings of this study indicate that tarragon exhibits limited resistance to drought stress, with a noticeable decline in yield as stress intensity increases. Under drought conditions, the application of seaweed extract, particularly at a concentration of 2 g/L, effectively mitigated the adverse effects of stress by enhancing morphophysiological and phytochemical traits, including total phenol, flavonoid content, and essential oil yield. In most cases, the difference between 2 g/L and 1 g/L of seaweed extract was statistically significant, with 2 g/L demonstrating superior effectiveness. Therefore, the application of 2 g/L seaweed extract is recommended to improve drought tolerance and maintain yield in tarragon under water-limited conditions. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| proline, environmental stress, total phenol, catalase, growth promoter | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- Afshar Mohamadian, M., omidipour, M. and Jamal Omidi, F., 2018. Effect of different drought stress levels on chlorophyll fluorescence indices of two bean cultivars. Journal of Plant Research, 31(3): 511-525. - Aggarwal, M., Sharma, S., Kaur, N., Pathania, D., Bhandhari, K., Kaushal, N., Kaur, R., Singh, K., Srivastava, A. and Nayyar, H., 2011. Exogenous proline application reduces phytotoxic effects of selenium by minimizing oxidative stress and improves growth in Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Seedlings. Biological Trace Element Research, 140: 354-367. - Aghaei, K., Ehsanpour, A.A. and Komatsu, S., 2009. Potato responds to salt stress by increased activity of antioxidant enzymes. Journal of Integrative Plant Bioloygy, 51: 1095–1103. - Ahmadpour, R., Salimi, A., Zeydi, H. and Armand, N., 2021. Use of seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) extract in mitigating the negative effects of water deficit stress in chickpea by evaluating morphophysiological indicators. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research, 12(2): 199-213. - Amini, Z., 2014. Effects of water deficit on proline content and activity of antioxidant enzymes among three olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars. Journal of Plant Research, 27(2): 156-167. - Amiripour A., Jahromi M.G., Soori M.K. and mohammadi Torkashvand A., 2021. Changes in essential oil composition and fatty acid profile of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) leaves under salinity and foliar-applied silicon. Industrial Crops and Products, 168: 113599. - Ardeshiri, T. and Jahan Bin, S., 2018. Effect of foliar application of nano-iron and zinc chelated on yield, yield components and harvest index of canola under drought stress conditions. Journal of Crops Improvement, 20(1): 31-43. - Arnon, A.N., 1967. Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Journal of Agronomy, 23: 112-121. - Ashour, M., El-Shafei, A. A., Khairy, H. M., Abd-Elkader, D. Y., Mattar, M. A., Alataway, A. and Hassan, S.M., 2020. Effect of Pterocladia capillacea seaweed extracts on growth parameters and biochemical constituents of Jew’s Mallow. Agronomy, 10(3), 420. - Baghizadeh, A., Afroushte, M. and Fakheri, B., 2017. The effects of drought stress on seed germination and some of morphological and physiological traits in Trachyspermum ammi. New Finding in Agriculture, 11(2): 19-36. - Bates, L.S., 1973. Rapid Determination of Free Proline for Water Stress Studies. Plant Soil, 39: 205-207. - Behbahani, B.A., Shahidi, F., Yazdi, F.T., Mortazavi, S.A. and Mohebbi, M., 2017. Antioxidant activity and antimicrobial effect of tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) extract and chemical composition of its essential oil. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 11: 847-863. - Bhargava, S. and Sawant, K., 2013. Drought stress adaptation: Metabolic adjustment and regulation of gene expression. Plant Breeding, 132: 21-32. - Billah, M., Aktar, S., Brestic, M., Zivcak, M., Khaldun, A.B.M., Uddin, M.S., Bagum, S.A., Yang, X., Skalicky, M., Mehari, T.G., Maitra, S. and Hossain, A., 2021. Progressive genomic approaches to explore drought- and salt-induced oxidative stress responses in plants under changing climate. Plants, 10(9): 1910. - Bulgari, R., Franzoni, G. and Ferrante, A., 2019. Biostimulants application in horticultural crops under abiotic stress conditions. Agronomy, 9: 306. - Caffagni, D.E., Camargo, E., Casali, C.A., Lombardi, A.T. and Lima, M.I.S., 2015. Coupling microalgal cultures with hydroponics: Prospection for clean biotechnology processes. Journal of Algal Biomass Utilization, 6: 88-94. - Chang, C.C., Yang, M.H., Wen, H.M. and Chern, J.C., 2002. Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 10(3): 3. - Chowdhury, J., Karim, M., Khaliq, Q. and Ahmed, A., 2017. Effect of drought stress on bio-chemical change and cell membrane stability of soybean genotypes. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 42: 475-485. - Denaxa, N.K., Damvakaris, T. and Roussos, P.A., 2020. Antioxidant defense system in young olive plants against drought stress and mitigation of adverse effects through external application of alleviating products. Scientia Horticulturae, 259: 108812. - Dichala, O., Giannakoula, A.E. and Therios, I., 2022. Effect of Salinity on Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Leaves in Three Pomegranate (Punica Granatum L.). Cultivars. Applied Sciences, 12: 8675. - Ekiert, H., Świątkowska, J., Knut, E., Klin, P., Rzepiela, A., Tomczyk, M. and Szopa, A., 2021. Artemisia dracunculus (Tarragon): A Review of Its Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12: 653993. - El Sabagh, A., Hossain, A., Barutcular, C., Gormus, O., Ahmad, Z., Hussain, S., Islam, M., Alharby, H., Bamagoos, A., Kumar, N., Akdeniz, H., Fahad, S., Meena, R. S, Abdelhamid, M., Wasaya, A., Hasanuzzaman, M., Sorour, S. and Saneoka, H., 2019. Effects of drought stress on the quality of major oilseed crops: Implications and possible mitigation strategies- A review. Appllied Ecology Environmental Research, 17: 4019-4043. - Erulan, V., Soundarapandian, P., Thirumaran, G. and Ananthan, G., 2009. Studies on the effect of Sargassum polycystum (C, Agardh 1824) extract on the growth and biochemical composition of Cajanus cajan (L.) Mill sp. Amer-Eurasi. Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, 6(4): 392–399. - Esmaielpour, A., Fatemi, H. and Moradi, M., 2019. The effect of seaweed extract on the physiological and biochemical parameters of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under water stress conditions. Science and Technology of Greenhouse Crops, 11(1): 59-69. - Gharibi, S., Tabatabaei, B.E.S., Saeidi, G. and Goli, S.A.H., 2016. Effect of drought stress on total phenolic, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant activity of Achillea species. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, 178: 796-809. - Gholizadeh, A., Dehghani, H. and Khodadadi, M., 2020. Analysis of compatibility for essential oil yield in coriander under different irrigation regimes using GGE biplot method. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 50(4): 189-199. - Gomes, P., Oliva, M.A., Mieike, M.S., Almeida, A.A.F. and Aquino, L.A., 2010. Osmotic adjustment, proline accumulation and cell membrane stability in leaves of Cocos nucifera submitted to drought stress. Scientia Horticulture, 126: 379-384. - Gurumurthy, S., Sarkar, B., Vanaja, M., Lakshmi, J., Yadav, S. and Maheswari, M., 2019. Morpho-physiological and biochemical changes in black gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) genotypes under drought stress at flowering stage. Acta Physiologia Plantarium, 41: 42. - Hamouda, R.A., Shehawy, M.A., El Din, S.M.M., Albalwe, F.M., Albalawi, H.M.R. and Hussein, M.H., 2022. Protective role of Spirulina platensis liquid extract against salinity stress effects on Triticum aestivum L. Green Processing and Synthesis, 11(1): 648-658. - Hernández-Herrera, R.M., Sánchez-Hernández, C.V., Palmeros-Suárez, P.A., Ocampo-Alvarez, H., Santacruz-Ruvalcaba, F., Meza-Canales, I.D. and Becerril-Espinosa, A., 2022. Seaweed Extract Improves Growth and Productivity of Tomato Plants under Salinity Stress. Agronomy, 12(10), 2495. - Inbar, J., Abramsky, M., Cohen, D. and Chet, I., 1994. Plant growth enhancement and disease control by Trichoderma harzianum in vegetable seedlings grown under commercial conditions. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 100(5): 337-346. - Jezizadeh, A. and Mortezainejad, F., 2017. Effects of Water stress on Morphological and Physiological Indices of Cichorium intybus L. for introduction in urban landscapes. Plant Process and Function, 6 (21): 279-290. - Kapoor, D., Bhardwaj, S., Landi, M., Sharma, A., Ramakrishnan, M. and Sharma, A., 2020. The impact of drought in plant metabolism: how to exploit tolerance mechanisms to increase crop production. Applied Sciences, 10: 56-92. - Khan, W., Rayirath, U.P., Subramanian, S., Jithesh, M.N., Rayorath, P., Hodges, D.M. and Prithiviraj, B., 2009. Seaweed extracts as biostimulants of plant growth and development. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 28(4): 386-399. - Mahmud, S., Kamruzzaman, M., Bhattacharyya, S., Alharbi, K., Abd El Moneim, D. and Mostofa, M.G., 2023. Acetic acid positively modulates proline metabolism for mitigating PEG-mediated drought stress in Maize and Arabidopsis. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14: 1167238. - Mansori, M., Chernane, H., Latique, S., Benaliat, A., Hsissou, D. and El Kaoua, M., 2015. Seaweed extract effect on water deficit and antioxidative mechanisms in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Journal of Applied Phycology, 27(4): 1689-1698. - Martynenko, A., Shotton, K., Astatkie, T., Petrash, G., Fowler, C., Neily, W. and Critchley, A.T., 2016. Thermal imaging of soybean response to drought stress: the effect of Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed extract. Springerplus, 5(1): 1393. - Minaei, A., Hassani, A., Nazemiyeh, H. and Besharat, S., 2019. Effect of drought stress on some morphophysiological and phytochemical characteristics of oregano (Origanum vulgare L. ssp. gracile). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 35(2(94)): 252-265. - Oguz, M.C., Aycan, M., Oguz, E., Poyraz, I. and Yildiz, M., 2022. Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants: Interplay of Molecular, Biochemical and Physiological Responses in Important Development Stages. Physiologia, 2: 180-197. - Oraee, A., Tehranifar, A. and Ghorbani, Z., 2022. Effect of sodium hydrosulfide on physiological and morphological traits of Amaranthus tricolor under deficit irrigation. Plant Process and Function, 11(51): 19-34. - Oroojalian, F., Kasra-Kermanshahi, R., Azizi, M. and Bassami, M.R., 2010. Phytochemical composition of the essential oils from three apiaceae species and their antibacterial effects on food-borne pathogens. Food Chemistry, 120: 765-770. - Pamungkas, S.S.T., Suwarto, S. and Farid, N., 2022. Drought Stress: Responses and Mechanism in Plants. Reviews in Agricultural Science, 10: 168-185. - Pohl, A., Kalisz, A. and Sekara, A., 2019. Seaweed extracts’ multifactorial action: influence on physiological and biochemical status of Solanaceae plants. Acta agrobotanica, 72(1): 1758. - Prathyusha, I.V.S.N. and Chaitanya, K.V., 2019. Effect of water stress on the physiological and biochemical responses of two different Coleus (Plectranthus) species. Biology Future, 70: 312-322. - Radziff, S.B.M., Ahmad, S.A., Shaharuddin, N.A., Merican, F., Kok, Y.Y., Zulkharnain, A., Gomez-Fuentes, C. and Wong, C.-Y., 2021. Potential Application of Algae in Biodegradation of Phenol: A Review and Bibliometric Study. Plants, 10: 2677. - Rathore, S., Chaudhary, D., Boricha, G., Ghosh, A., Bhatt, B., Zodape, S. and Patolia, J., 2009. Effect of seaweed extract on the growth, yield and nutrient uptake of soybean (Glycine max) under rainfed conditions. South African Journal of Botany 75: 351-355. - Shahmohammadi, F., Ganbari Jahromi, M., Farhadpour, M., Kalateh Jari, S. and Mohammadi Torkashvand, A., 2023. Foliar-applied melatonin modulated drought stress through modifying some important physiological and phytochemical characteristics in Taxus baccata L. Plant and Soil, 1-16. - Shukla, P.S., Borza, T., Critchley, A.T., Hiltz, D., Norrie, J. and Prithiviraj, B., 2018. Ascophyllum nodosum extract mitigates salinity stress in Arabidopsis thaliana by modulating the expression of miRNA involved in stress tolerance and nutrient acquisition. PLOS One, 13(10): e0206221. - Sofo, A., Dichio, B., Xiloyannis, C. and Masia, A., 2004. Lipoxygenase activity and proline accumulation in leaves and roots of olive trees in response to drought stress. Physiologia Plantarum, 121: 58-65. - Somogyi, M., 1952. Notes on sugar determination. Journal of biological chemistry, 195: 19-23. - Sun, T., Powers, J.R. and Tang, J., 2007. Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Asparagus, broccoli and their juices. Food Chemistry, 105: 101-106. - Vinoth, S., Gurusaravanan, P., Sivakumar, S. and Jayabalan, N., 2019. Influence of seaweed extracts and plant growth regulators on in vitro regeneration of Lycopersicon esculentum from leaf explant. Journal of Applied Phycology, 31(3): 2039-2052. - Zahedi, S.M., Hosseini, M.S., Meybodi, N.D.H. and Teixeira da Silva, J.A., 2019. Foliar application of selenium and nano-selenium affects pomegranate (Punica granatum cv. Malase Saveh) fruit yield and quality. South African Journal of Botany, 124: 350-358. - Zangooei, E., Bazgir, E., Gholamnejad, J. and Darvishnia, M., 2018. Investigation of the peroxidase and catalase enzymes activity and expression level of its encoding genes in pathogen stress (Penicillium expansum) and Walnut green skin extract condition in apple fruits. Journal of Cell and Tissue, 9(2): 159-175. - Zhang, X., Wang, K. and Ervin, E.H., 2010. Optimizing dosages of seaweed extract-based cytokinins and zeatin riboside for improving creeping bentgrass heat tolerance. Crop Science, 50(1): 316-320. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 376 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 204 |
||