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بررسی اثر تاریخ کاشت بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی ارقام چغندرقند پاییزه در منطقه گنبدکاووس | ||
| چغندرقند | ||
| مقاله 11، دوره 40، شماره 2، مهر 1403، صفحه 285-298 اصل مقاله (692.51 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله کوتاه | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/jsb.2025.365172.1348 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سعید یاراحمدی* 1؛ علیرضا صابری2؛ مصطفی حسین پور3؛ داریوش طالقانی4؛ سید محمد علوی سینی5؛ آتنا بیاری6 | ||
| 1بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی-باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، | ||
| 2عضو علمی تحقیقات گلستان | ||
| 3استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. | ||
| 4مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند- سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| 5بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی-باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب استان کرمان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، | ||
| 6سازمان جهاد کشاورزی، دامغان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به منظور بررسی صفات مقاومت به ساقه‌روی و عملکرد کمی و کیفی ارقام چغندرقند پاییزه این پژوهش در سال زراعی 1401-1402 در منطقه گنبد کاووس انجام شد. در این پژوهش دو تاریخ کاشت20 مهر و 25 آبان و 13 رقم خارجی و یک هیبرید جدید به همراه دو رقم شاهد خارجی مقاوم به ساقه‌روی (موناتونو و رزاگلد) در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. صفات مورد بررسی در این مطالعه شامل عملکرد ریشه، عملکرد شکر سفید، درصد قند، میزان ناخالصی‌های ریشه شامل سدیم، پتاسیم، نیتروژن مضره، درصد قند قابل استحصال و ضریب استحصال شکر بودند. تاریخ کاشت بر صفات ساقه‌روی، عملکرد ریشه و عملکرد قند خالص تأثیر معنی‌داری داشت. اثر متقابل تاریخ کاشت و رقم بر عملکرد ریشه معنی‌دار بود. در تاریخ کاشت 20 مهرماه میانگین عملکرد ریشه ارقام 1/66 تن در هکتار بود. با 35 روز تأخیر در کاشت (کاشت در 25 آبان ماه) 5/51 درصد از عملکرد ریشه کاسته شد. اثر متقابل تاریخ کاشت و رقم بر عملکرد ریشه معنی‌دار بود. در تاریخ کاشت 20 مهر ماه ارقام رزاگلد، موناتونو، شانون و گراناته به ترتیب با 95، 5/82، 1/79 و 78 تن در هکتار بیشترین عملکرد ریشه را داشتند و در یک گروه آماری قرار گرفتند. در تاریخ کاشت دوم، ارقام شانون، آرمسا، تیکال و رزاگلد به ترتیب با 43، 9/40، 8/40 و 3/38 تن در هکتار بیشترین عملکرد ریشه را داشتند. عملکرد قند خالص بطور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر تاریخ کاشت بود. 35 روز تأخیر در کاشت موجب 44 درصد کاهش در عملکرد قند خالص شد. همچنین تأثیر رقم بر صفت عملکرد قند خالص در سطح احتمال 5% درصد معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین عملکرد قند خالص را ارقام رزاگلد و شانون به ترتیب با مقدار 2/9 و 8/7 تن در هکتار در مقایسه با سایر ارقام داشتند. رقم رزاگلد در تاریخ کاشت 20 مهر با عملکردی برابر با 2/9 تن در هکتار بیشترین عملکرد قند خالص را داشت. ارقام موناتونو، سمپر، کویانا و رزاگلد در تاریخ کاشت 20 مهر ساقه‌روی نداشتند و مقاوم‌ترین ارقام به ساقه‌روی بودند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| تاریخ کاشت؛ چغندرقند؛ عملکرد قند؛ کشت پاییزه | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Study the effects of planting date on quantitative and qualitative performance of autumn sugar beet varieties in the Gonbad Kavus region, Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| saeed Yarahmadi1؛ Alireza Saberi2؛ M. Hosseinpour3؛ Daryush Taleghani4؛ Seyed Mohammad Alavi Siney5؛ Atena Biari6 | ||
| 1Horticulture-Crops Research Department, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gorgan, Iran | ||
| 2agricultural reserch center of golestan | ||
| 3Assistant Professor of Sugar Beet Seed Institute(SBSI), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran. | ||
| 4Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI) - Agricultural Research Education and Extension, Karaj,Iran | ||
| 5Department of Crop and Horticultural Science Research, South of Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Jiroft, Iran | ||
| 6Organization of Agriculture-Jahad, Damghan, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract Introduction Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L) is an important crop and the main source of sugar in temperate regions. The key advantage of autumn planting over spring planting is its enhanced water use efficiency. Water scarcity in the country is one of the most important limitations in the agricultural sector. Considering the limited water resources available, promoting autumn planting is the most effective strategy to conserve water for sugar production. Considering the importance of bolting in selecting suitable cultivars for autumn planting and the influence of planting dates on bolting occurrence, an appropriate planting date can be determined for each cultivar based on its bolting resistance. The present study evaluated the effect of different planting dates on bolting, and qualitative and quantitative yield of new sugar beet cultivars. Materials and Methods Thirteen foreign cultivars along with two foreign control cultivars resistant to bolting (Monatunno and Rosagold), which are sown in Golestan province, and one Iranian hybrid (061) were evaluated in split plot based on randomized complete block design at Gonbad-e Kavus Agricultural Research Station (55°12' E and 37°16' N, 45 m above sea level) during 2022-23 crop season. The planting date was assigned to the main plots at two levels including 12th October and 16th November, in order to evaluate the response of cultivars to the early and late planting. Cultivars were arranged in subplots. Each cultivar was sown in three rows with 8 m length and 50 cm space between rows and 20 cm distance between plants. Bolting was recorded at four stages (17th April, 30th April, 20th May, and 10th June). Harvest performed on 17th June. Evaluated traits included root yield (t. ha-1), white sugar yield (t. ha-1), sugar content (%), root impurities including sodium, potassium, harmful nitrogen (meq/100 g root pulp), white sugar content (%), and extraction coefficient of sugar (%). Results and Discussion Planting date had a significant effect on root and white sugar yield. With a planting date of 12th October, the average root yield was 66.1 t ha-1. A 35-day delay in planting led to a 51.5% decrease in root yield. The interaction between planting date and cultivar on root yield was significant. On 12th October, cultivars Rosagold, Monatunno, Shannon, and Granate achieved the highest root yields of 95, 82.5, 79.1, and 78 t. ha-1, respectively. On the second planting date, Shannon, Armesa, Tikal, and Rosagold had the highest root yields of 43, 40.9, 40.8, and 38.3 t. ha-1, r espectively. White sugar yield was significantly influenced by planting date. A 35-day delay in planting caused a 44% reduction in white sugar yield. The effect of cultivar on white sugar yield was also significant (P < 0.05). Rosagold and Shannon showed the highest white sugar yields of 9.2 and 7.8 t ha-1, respectively. The interaction between planting date and cultivar on sugar content was significant. On 20th October, Klara, Vanila, Nero, and Castellar obtained the highest sugar content of 20.1, 19.1, 18.8, and 18.7%, respectively. On 16th November, the highest sugar content was achieved by Klara, Castellar, Vanila, Rosagold, Nero, Tikal, Souani, Algar, Shannon, and Granate. The extraction coefficient of sugar was significantly influenced by the cultivar. Planting date and cultivar significantly affected bolting. Monatunno, Semper, Quiana, and Rosagold showed no bolting and were the most resistant cultivars. By the third count of bolting (up to November 16th), none of the cultivars showed bolting. Only in the fourth count (10th June) cultivar Armesa displayed 6% bolting. Conclusion In autumn cultivation, the selection of cultivars is initially based on resistance to bolting, and then the final selection is made based on white sugar yield among resistant cultivars. Cultivars Monatunno, Semper, Quiana, and Rosagold exhibited no bolting and demonstrated the highest resistance. Monatunno is recommended to be planted early in the optimal planting period in Golestan Province (second decade of October) due to its high resistance to bolting and white sugar yield of 9 t ha-1, while Rosagold, with the highest white sugar yield (12.5 t ha-1) and slightly less resistance to bolting than Monatunno, is recommended for planting with a bit delay. Cultivars Semper and Quiana which also showed no bolting and had white sugar yields of 8.5 and 7.8 t ha-1, respectively, can be recommended for planting in the optimal sowing period suggested by the Sugar Beet Seed Institute, which is from the second decade of October to the first decade of November. In the first decade of November in Golestan province, cultivars Tikal, Anoure, and Granate with 4.5%, 2.3%, and 2.7% bolting, respectively, and optimum white sugar yields can also be recommended. Due to the lack of bolting in cultivars sown on 16th November, selection can be made solely based on white sugar yield, and bolting is not a limiting factor. Therefore, for planting at the end of the optimal sowing period, cultivars Shannon and Castellar, with white sugar yields of 6.5 and 5.7 t ha-1, respectively may be recommended. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Autumn planting, Planting date, Sugar beet, Sugar yield | ||
| مراجع | ||
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