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تولید لاین های خالص گندم دوروم و نان آبی با استفاده از بهنژادی سریع: روش انتخاب تک بذر | ||
| نهال و بذر | ||
| دوره 40، شماره 3، مهر 1403، صفحه 339-321 اصل مقاله (621.63 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/spj.2025.369394.1417 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| توحید نجفی میرک* 1؛ امیر کبیری2 | ||
| 1استاد، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. | ||
| 2کارشناس، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این پژوهش با هدف تولید لاین های جدید گندم دوروم و نان آبی با استفاده از بهنژادی سریع، روش انتخاب تک بذر (SSD)، در بخش تحقیقات غلات موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر در سال های زراعی 1400-03انجام شد. براساس اهداف برنامه بهنژادی گندم نان و دوروم، تعداد 25 برنامه دورگ گیری بین ارقام گندم دوروم و چهار برنامه دورگگیری بین ارقام گندم نان در سال زراعی 01-1400 انجام و در سال بعد در شرایط مزرعه نسل های F1 و F2 ارزیابی و تولید شد. پس از حذف نتاج شش دورگگیری گندم دوروم، بذور تعداد 23 جمعیت F2 در شرایط کنترل شده گلخانه و با استفاده از روش انتخاب تک بذر (SSD) برای تولید لاین های خالص کشت شدند. شرایط گلخانه شامل 22 ساعت روشنایی و دو ساعت تاریکی به ترتیب با دمای دما در دوره تاریکی 18-17 درجه سانتی گراد و در دوره روشنایی 25-23 درجه سانتی گراد و رطویت 70-60 درصد بود. مدت زمان تولید بذر در هر نسل حدود 80-70 روز طول کشید. در نسلهای F2، F3 و F4 از هر سنبله یک بذر برداشت و برای تولید نسل بعد کشت شد. در نسل F5 کلیه بذور هر سنبله بطور جداگانه در یک پاکت برداشت و به عنوان لاین های خالص نسل F6 وارد مراحل بعدی برنامه بهنژادی گندم آبی کشور گردید. در پایان دوره این پژوهش، از 23 دورگ گیری، 1456 لاین نسل F6 تولید و در سال زراعی بعد در شرایط مزرعه برای ازدیاد بذر و انتخاب لاین های خالص دارای صفات مطلوب زراعی کشت می شوند. اگر این فرایند به روش های بهنژادی متداول انجام می شد، هفت سال طول می کشید، بنابراین، با این روش چهار سال در زمان مورد نیاز برای تهیه لاین خالص جدید صرفه جویی می شود. هزینه های تولید لاین های خالص گندم نیز به طور قابل توجهی کاهش می یابد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| گندم؛ دورگ گیری؛ نسل های در حال تفکیک؛ صفات مطلوب؛ تعداد بذر | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Development of Irrigated Durum and Bread Wheat Pure Lines in Iran using Speed Breeding: Single Seed Descent Method | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| T. Najafi Mirak1؛ A. Kabiri2 | ||
| 1Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extention Organization, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| 2Expert, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extention Organization, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| This research was carried out to introduce single seed descent as an applied wheat breeding for accelerating the development of pure lines. Twenty five crosses between durum wheat cultivars and landraces and four crosses between bread wheat cultivars were performed and F1 and F2 generations were produced under field conditions in 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 cropping cycles. Ninety populations of durum wheat and four population of bread wheat, in total 23 populations, were used for producing seed of F2 segregating populations, which led to pure lines using the single seed descent (SSD) method in controlled conditions in greenhouse. Each generation cycle was approximately 70–80 days. To maintain and transfer genetic variation between and within generations, a single seed was harvested from each spike in the F₂, F₃, and F₄ generations and replanted to produce the subsequent generation. In the F₅ generation, all seeds from each spike were harvested separately, and stored in individual envelopes and considered as F₆ pure lines. At the conclusion of the three-year study, a total of 1,456 F6 pure lines were developed from the 23 successful wheat crossing programs. Keywords: Wheat, hybridization, segregating generations, desirable traits, seed number. Introduction Recently, speed breeding has emerged as a novel strategy to shorten the time required to achieve pure lines and develop new crop varieties. In this method, plants are grown in controlled growth chambers or greenhouses under optimized light intensity, quality, photoperiod, and temperature, accelerating physiological processes such as photosynthesis and flowering, thereby reducing the seed-to-seed cycle. Researchers have introduced speed breeding as a powerful method to accelerate cultivar development in crop plant breeding programs (Watson et al., 2018; Hickey et al. 2019; Jin-Kyung et al., 2023). Among speed breeding techniques, the single seed descent (SSD) method has proven highly effective. In SSD method, a single seed is harvested from each self-pollinated plant per generation. This approach not only reduces generational turnover time but also minimizes inter-plant competition and natural selection pressures, thereby preserving maximal genetic diversity until homozygous purity is achieved (Watson et al., 2018). The present research was designed and implemented in greenhouse conditions with the aim of reducing the time required to develop and release of durum and bread wheat cultivars resulting from different crosses using the single seed descent breeding method. Materials and Methods In this research, 25 crosses were made between durum wheat and four crosses between bread wheat cultivars. The F₁ and F₂ generations were produced under field conditions in 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 crop seasons, respectively. From the F₂ populations, 19 durum wheat and four bread wheat populations, totally 23 segregating populations, were kept, which led to pure lines using the single seed descent (SSD) method in controlled conditions in greenhouse. Greenhouse conditions were maintained with 22 hours of light (16,000 lux) and two hours of dark periods per day. The temperature ranged from 22–25°C during the light period and 17–18°C during the dark period. Relative humidity was maintained 60–70% in all growth stages. Results and Discussion In this research, 1456 pure lines were successfully developed from 23 crosses of durum and bread wheat using single seed descent (SSD) in Karaj, Iran. The process involved: 1) Crossing and F₁ seed production (Year 1), 2) Field cultivation of F₁ to generate 19 segregating F₂ populations (Years 2), 3) Handling the F3, F4, and F5 generations in the greenhouse under optimized conditions (22-hour light/2-hour dark, 23–25°C day/17–18°C night, 70% RH) to produce pure lines (Year 3). While these steps need six years in the conventional wheat breeding methods. In other words, three years were saved to produce pure lines in SSD method. No plants were removed in this method, therefore, the maximum genetic was maintained and transferred to subsequent generations. In addition, significant savings were made in irrigation water consumption, which is commonly used for managing the segregating generations in the field as well as in human resources costs in conventional wheat breeding. Different light sources including SMD lamps with purple and yellow light with intensity of 10-13 thousand lux, LED strip lights with white, blue and purple light with intensity of 6-4 thousand lux, and conventional LED lamps with intensity of 13-16 thousand lux had no significant effect on the grain physiological maturity. However, our observation showed that the white light with an intensity of 16,000 lux led to larger wheat spikes, higher thousand-grain weight, and more grains. Also, these lamps were easier to obtain and install, and their costs was much lower than other lamps. The pure lines produced in this research will be advanced the national wheat breeding programs for target environments in southern warm and dry and temperate agro-climatic zones. It is expected that commercial cultivars will released within the next few years. 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| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Wheat, hybridization, segregating generations, desirable traits, seed number | ||
| مراجع | ||
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