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امکان‌سنجی توسعه کشت گیاهان دارویی منتخب در نواحی روستایی شهرستان زابل | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 2، دوره 41، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 125، مهر 1404، صفحه 373-392 اصل مقاله (1.52 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2025.365824.3443 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| علی اکبر براتی* ؛ علی اسدی؛ هنگامه سردارشهرکی؛ پریا سیاه‌بیدی | ||
| گروه مدیریت و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: ساکنان مناطق روستایی شهرستان زابل در سال‌های اخیر به دلیل اقلیم گرم و بیابانی و وقوع خشکسالی‌های شدید، با آسیب‌های جدی معیشتی مواجه شده‌اند. از این‌رو، شناسایی منابع درآمدی که با نوسانهای اقلیمی سازگار باشند و راهبردهایی برای بهبود فرصت‌های اقتصادی در این منطقه فراهم نمایند، از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. کشت گیاهان دارویی به‌عنوان یکی از منابع درآمدی ارزشمند، به دلیل گستردگی زنجیره ارزش، ظرفیت بالای درآمدزایی و سازگاری با تنش‌های محیطی، می‌تواند نقشی کلیدی در اشتغال‌زایی و کاهش فقر در مناطق روستایی شهرستان زابل ایفا کند. این مطالعه با هدف امکان‌سنجی توسعه کشت گیاهان دارویی منتخب در نواحی روستایی این شهرستان انجام شده است. مواد و روش‌ها: جامعه آماری این تحقیق شامل کارشناسان خبره شاغل در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع‌طبیعی و جهادکشاورزی شهرستان زابل و خبرگان حوزه گیاهان دارویی در بخش خصوصی بودند. در مجموع، 25 نفر به صورت هدفمند برای این مطالعه انتخاب شدند. داده‌های مورد نیاز از طریق مصاحبه و با استفاده از ابزار پرسش‌نامه محقق‌ساخته گرد‌آوری شدند. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها، از روش فرایند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (AHP) استفاده شد. گیاهان دارویی منتخب در منطقه مورد مطالعه نیز براساس مرور پیشینه تحقیق و مصاحبه با کارشناسان و صاحب‌نظران این حوزه تعیین شدند. این گیاهان شامل 10 گونه دارویی شامل زیره سبز (Cuminum cyminum)، سیاه‌دانه (Nigella sativa)، اسفرزه (Plantago psyllium)، شنبلیله (Trigonella foenum-graecum)، زنیان (Trachyspermum ammi)، چای‌ترش (Hibiscus sabdariffa)، کتان (Linum usitatissimum)، بابونه (Matricaria chamomilla)، گوار (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) و گل‌محمدی (Rosa damascena) بود که دارای بیشترین سابقه کشت در منطقه بودند. نتایج: میانگین سنی کارشناسان مورد مطالعه حدود 55 سال با انحراف معیار 10.9 سال بود. بیشتر کارشناسان دارای مدرک تحصیلی کارشناسی و کارشناسی‌ارشد بوده و رشته‌های تحصیلی تمامی آنها با بخش کشاورزی مرتبط بودند. میانگین سابقه شغلی پاسخگویان در حوزه کشاورزی حدود 15 سال با انحراف معیار 8.60 سال بود. همچنین، تمامی پاسخگویان سابقه فعالیت در زمینه گیاهان دارویی (شامل تولید، تحقیق یا خرید و فروش) داشتند. براساس نظر کارشناسان، معیارهای انتخاب گیاهان دارویی برای کشت، به ترتیب اهمیت شامل: اقتصادی، فنی و اقلیمی، زیرساختی و تکنولوژیکی، سیاستی و مدیریتی و در نهایت دانشی و نگرشی شناسایی شدند. نتایج اولویت‌بندی گیاهان دارویی مناسب برای کشت، با در نظر گرفتن این شاخص‌ها، نشان داد که به ترتیب سه گیاه گل‌محمدی (3.23)، چای‌ترش (3.12) و زیره‌سبز (3.05) بالاترین اولویت را برای کشت در شهرستان زابل دارند. یافته‌های این تحقیق نشان می‌دهند که از میان معیارهای مؤثر بر توسعه کشت گیاهان دارویی، توجه به جنبه‌های «فنی و شرایط اقلیمی» و «زیرساخت‌ها و فناوری مناسب» از اهمیت بیشتری برخوردارند. در میان زیرمعیارهای مختلف نیز، «سازگاری با اقلیم منطقه»، «بازارپسندی» و «سهولت برداشت، فراوری و انبارداری» بالاترین اهمیت را داشتند. نتیجه‌گیری: امروزه تغییرات اقلیمی و پیامدهای نامطلوب ناشی از آن، همراه با محدودیت فرصت‌های اقتصادی در مناطق روستایی، ازجمله چالش‌های اساسی تهدیدکننده معیشت روستاییان به‌شمار می‌روند. یکی از راهبردهای مؤثر برای مقابله با این مشکلات، شناسایی منابع درآمدی متناسب با ویژگی‌های اقلیمی و ظرفیت‌های اقتصادی روستاهاست. توسعه کشت گیاهان دارویی، به دلیل توان بالای درآمدزایی و سازگاری قابل توجه این گیاهان با شرایط محیطی و مقاومت در برابر تنش‌ها، می‌تواند گامی مؤثر در جهت اشتغال‌زایی، افزایش درآمد، کاهش فقر و جلوگیری از مهاجرت روستاییان باشد. با این حال، همه گیاهان دارویی برای کشت در هر منطقه مناسب نیستند. بنابراین، پیش از توصیه به کشت، لازم است این گیاهان از جنبه‌های مختلف ارزیابی شوند تا از بروز مشکلات و شکست در فرایند توسعه کشت آنها جلوگیری شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| گیاهان دارویی؛ امکان‌سنجی کشت؛ توسعه روستایی؛ معیشت پایدار | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Feasibility of developing cultivation of selected medicinal plants in the rural areas of Zabol county | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Aliakbar Barati؛ Ali Asadi؛ Hengameh Sardar Shahraki؛ Parya Siahbidi | ||
| Department of Agricultural Management and Development, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and objectives: Due to the scorching desert environment and frequent severe droughts, residents of the rural districts of Zabol County have suffered significant losses to their livelihoods in recent years. As a result, identifying climate-resilient income sources and strategies to improve the county's economic prospects has become crucial. The cultivation of medicinal plants, with their extensive value chain, income-generating potential, and resilience to environmental challenges, stands out as a highly promising livelihood option. It can play a pivotal role in creating employment opportunities and reducing poverty in rural areas. This study was conducted to assess the feasibility of cultivating selected medicinal plants in the rural areas of Zabol County. Methodology: The statistical population consisted of 25 specialists, including researchers from the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, staff from the Agricultural Jihad Organization in Zabol County, and medicinal plant experts from the private sector. Participants were selected purposefully. Data were collected through interviews and a researcher-designed questionnaire. The data analysis was conducted using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Medicinal plants were selected based on a literature review and expert interviews. Ten species were identified as having the most extensive history of cultivation in the study area: Cuminum cyminum, Nigella sativa, Plantago psyllium, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Trachyspermum ammi, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Linum usitatissimum, Matricaria chamomilla, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, and Rosa damascena. Results: The average age of the experts surveyed was approximately 55 years, with a standard deviation of 10.9 years. Most of the participants held bachelor's or master's degrees in fields related to agriculture. Their average work experience in the agricultural sector was about 15 years, with a standard deviation of 8.6 years. All respondents had prior experience in medicinal plant activities, including production, research, or trade. According to the experts, the most important criteria for selecting medicinal plants for cultivation were: economic factors, technical and climatic features, infrastructural and technological aspects, policy and management, and knowledge and attitudes. Based on these criteria, Rosa damascena (3.32), Hibiscus sabdariffa (3.12), and Cuminum cyminum (3.05) were identified as the top three priority species for cultivation in Zabol County. The findings further revealed that among the various sub-criteria affecting the development of medicinal plant cultivation, the most critical were technical aspects and climatic conditions, infrastructure, and appropriate technology. Additionally, the sub-criteria of compatibility with the regional climate, marketability, and ease of harvesting, processing, and storage were identified as the top three factors requiring special attention. Conclusion: Climate change and its adverse effects, combined with limited economic opportunities in rural areas, pose significant challenges to the livelihoods of villagers. One strategy to address these issues is to identify income sources that are compatible with both the climatic conditions and the economic potential of rural communities. Expanding the cultivation of medicinal plants, given their high income-generating potential and notable adaptability to environmental stresses, can be an effective approach to creating employment opportunities, increasing income, reducing poverty, and preventing rural migration. However, not all medicinal plants are equally suitable for cultivation in every region. It is therefore essential to evaluate these species based on a range of characteristics before recommending them for cultivation, to ensure the success and long-term sustainability of their development. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Medicinal plants, cultivation feasibility, rural development, sustainable livelihood | ||
| مراجع | ||
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