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تأثیر تاریخ کاشت و رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری بر خصوصیات رشدی و عملکردی اسفرزه (Plantago ovata L.) در شرایط آب و هوایی رفسنجان | ||
| تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران | ||
| مقاله 10، دوره 41، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 125، مهر 1404، صفحه 510-530 اصل مقاله (969.3 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijmapr.2025.367395.3487 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مصطفی علی نقی زاده* 1؛ محمد عظیمی گندمانی2 | ||
| 1استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، صندوق پستی 4697-19395، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 2گروه کشاورزی، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، صندوق پستی 4697-19395، تهران، ایران. رایانامه | ||
| چکیده | ||
| سابقه و هدف: گیاه دارویی اسفرزه (Plantago ovata) به دلیل دارا بودن ترکیب‌های فعال زیستی مانند موسیلاژ، در درمان بیماری‌های گوارشی و بهبود عملکرد روده‌ها مؤثر است. با توجه به اهمیت بالای اسفرزه به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی ارزشمند و محدودیت‌های منابع آبی در بسیاری از مناطق، این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر تاریخ کاشت بر خصوصیات رشدی و عملکردی اسفرزه تحت رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری در شرایط آب و هوایی رفسنجان انجام شد. مواد و روش‌ها: این آزمایش در سال زراعی 1402-1401 در شهرستان رفسنجان و در مزرعه‌ای با مختصات جغرافیایی عرض 30 درجه و 24 دقیقه شمالی، طول 55 درجه و 59 دقیقه شرقی، ارتفاع 1467 متر از سطح دریا و میانگین بارندگی سالانه 120 میلی‌متر و دمای حداکثر و حداقل 43 و 5- درجه سلسیوس، انجام شد. آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های نواری در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آبیاری در چهار سطح شامل 40، 60، 80 و 100 درصد نیاز آبی در کرت‌های افقی و چهار تاریخ کاشت (10 اسفند 1401، 25 اسفند 1401، 10 فروردین 1402 و 25 فروردین 1402) در کرت‌های عمودی بودند. تیمارهای آبیاری پس از استقرار کامل گیاهچه‌ها و در مرحله 3 تا 4 برگی اعمال شد و تا رسیدگی فیزیولوژیک ادامه یافت. میزان آب آبیاری بوسیله نرم‌افزار AGWAT محاسبه شد، به‌طوری‌که برای تیمارهای 100، 80، 60 و 40 درصد به ترتیب 1430، 1144، 858 و 572 مترمکعب آب در هر نوبت مصرف شد. تحلیل داده‌ها با نرم‌افزار SAS 9.4 و مقایسه میانگین‌ها با آزمون دانکن در سطح احتمال 5 درصد انجام شد. نتایج: نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین ارتفاع بوته (24.1 سانتی‌متر)، تعداد پنجه (6 عدد)، طول سنبله (14.3 سانتی‌متر) و تعداد سنبله در بوته (27.7) در تیمار 100 درصد نیاز آبی و تاریخ کاشت 25 اسفند به دست آمد. همچنین، بیشترین تعداد دانه در بوته (1245)، عملکرد دانه (1876 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد زیستی (5357 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار 100 درصد نیاز آبی و تاریخ کاشت 25 اسفند مشاهده شد. شاخص برداشت نیز با بیشترین مقدار (35.9 درصد) در تیمار 100 درصد نیاز آبی و تاریخ کاشت 10 اسفند به دست آمد. علاوه بر این، بیشترین وزن هزار دانه در تیمار 80 درصد نیاز آبی (1.94 گرم) و تاریخ کاشت 25 اسفند (1.88 گرم) ثبت شد. از سوی دیگر، بیشترین میزان موسیلاژ در تیمار 100 درصد نیاز آبی (23.9 درصد) و تاریخ کاشت 10 اسفند (22.4) گزارش گردید. نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طور کلی، نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که تاریخ کاشت و میزان آبیاری تأثیر قابل توجهی بر خصوصیات رشدی و عملکرد گیاه دارویی اسفرزه دارند. تأخیر در کاشت و کاهش میزان آبیاری موجب کاهش چشمگیر در ارتفاع بوته، اجزای عملکرد، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد زیستی و شاخص برداشت شد. بنابراین، انتخاب تاریخ کاشت مناسب و تأمین نیاز آبی گیاه می‌تواند به بهبود عملکرد این گیاه کمک کند. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| شاخص برداشت؛ گیاه دارویی؛ موسیلاژ؛ تعداد پنجه؛ عملکرد دانه؛ طول سنبله | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Impact of sowing date and irrigation regimes on growth and performance characteristics of Plantago ovata in Rafsanjan's climatic conditions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mostafa Alinaghizadeh1؛ Mohammad Azimi Gandomani2 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor of Agriculture Department, Faculty of Technical and Engineering, Payame Noor University, P. O. Box 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2Faculty of Technical and Engineering, Payame Noor University, P. O. Box 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and Objectives: Medicinal plant Plantago ovata is effective in treating gastrointestinal disorders and improving intestinal function due to its bioactive compounds, such as mucilage. Given the importance of psyllium as a valuable medicinal plant and the water resource limitations in many regions, this study aimed to investigate the effect of sowing date on the growth and yield characteristics of psyllium under different irrigation regimes in the climatic conditions of Rafsanjan, Iran. Methodology: This experiment was conducted during the 2022–2023 growing season in Rafsanjan, Iran, at a farm located at 30°24′N latitude, 55°59′E longitude, with an elevation of 1467 meters above sea level. The area has an annual average rainfall of 120 mm and maximum and minimum temperatures of 43°C and -5°C, respectively. The experiment was laid out in a strip-plot design based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Irrigation treatments, applied in the horizontal strips, included four levels: 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of the crop water requirement. Sowing dates (March 10, 2023, March 25, 2023, April 10, 2023, and April 25, 2023) were assigned to vertical strips. Irrigation treatments were initiated after complete seedling establishment (3–4 leaf stage) and continued until physiological maturity. The irrigation water requirement was calculated using AGWAT software, with water volumes of 1430, 1144, 858, and 572 cubic meters per irrigation for 100%, 80%, 60%, and 40% water requirement levels, respectively. Data analysis was performed using SAS 9.4 software, and means were compared using Duncan's test at the 5% probability level. Results: The results showed that the highest plant height (24.1 cm), number of tillers (6), spike length (14.3 cm), and number of spikes per plant (27.7) were achieved under the 100% water requirement treatment and the March 25 sowing date. Additionally, the highest number of seeds per plant (1245), seed yield (1876 kg. ha-1), and biological yield (5357 kg. ha-1) were observed under the same treatment. The highest harvest index (35.9%) was recorded with the 100% irrigation treatment and the March 10 sowing date. Furthermore, the maximum thousand-seed weight was obtained under the 80% water requirement (1.94 g) and the March 25 sowing date (1.88 g). Moreover, the highest mucilage content was reported under the 100% water requirement (23.9%) and the March 10 sowing date (22.4%). Conclusion: Overall, the findings demonstrated that sowing date and irrigation level significantly affect the growth and yield characteristics of psyllium. Delayed sowing and reduced irrigation levels led to significant declines in plant height, yield components, seed yield, biological yield, and harvest index. Therefore, selecting an optimal sowing date and ensuring adequate water supply can improve the performance of this medicinal plant. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| harvest index, medicinal plant, mucilage, number of tillers, seed yield, spike length | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 73 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 66 |
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