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خودشناس, محمد علی, قدبیک لو, جواد. (1404). شناخت وضعیت شوری خاک‌ باغ های انار ساوه. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, (), 247-262. doi: 10.22092/ijsr.2025.370194.783
محمد علی خودشناس; جواد قدبیک لو. "شناخت وضعیت شوری خاک‌ باغ های انار ساوه". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, , , 1404, 247-262. doi: 10.22092/ijsr.2025.370194.783
خودشناس, محمد علی, قدبیک لو, جواد. (1404). 'شناخت وضعیت شوری خاک‌ باغ های انار ساوه', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, (), pp. 247-262. doi: 10.22092/ijsr.2025.370194.783
خودشناس, محمد علی, قدبیک لو, جواد. شناخت وضعیت شوری خاک‌ باغ های انار ساوه. سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1404; (): 247-262. doi: 10.22092/ijsr.2025.370194.783

شناخت وضعیت شوری خاک‌ باغ های انار ساوه

پژوهش های خاک
مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 23 مهر 1404    اصل مقاله (1.54 M)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijsr.2025.370194.783
نویسندگان
محمد علی خودشناس* ؛ جواد قدبیک لو
عضو هیئت علمی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مرکزی
چکیده
شوری خاک یکی از مهم‌ترین چالش‌های تولید پایدار انار (Punica granatum L.) در شهرستان ساوه به شمار می‌رود. قرارگیری این منطقه در اقلیم خشک و نیمه‌خشک، شرایط را برای تجمع نمک‌ها و سدیمی‌شدن خاک فراهم کرده است که می‌تواند اثرات منفی قابل‌توجهی بر رشد درختان، کاهش عملکرد و افت کیفیت میوه انار بر جای گذارد. با توجه به اهمیت این موضوع، پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی وضعیت شوری و خطر سدیمی خاک‌های باغ ها انار منطقه انجام شد. در این مطالعه از 23 باغ انار نمونه‌برداری خاک انجام شد. ویژگی هایی مانند هدایت الکتریکی عصاره گل اشباع، اسیدیته، کربنات کلسیم معادل، بافت، سدیم، کلسیم و منیزیم، کلر محلول، سولفات و نسبت جذب سدیم اندازه‌گیری و داده‌ها با استفاده از آمار توصیفی، تحلیل شد. ضریب همبستگی ویژگی ها تعیین و هدایت الکتریکی عصاره گل اشباع خاک های مورد مطالعه با استفاده از روش درون‌یابی مکانی پهنه بندی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین هدایت الکتریکی عصاره گل اشباع خاک‌ها 4/08 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر بود. میانگین اسیدیته خاک ها 7/8 و میانگین کربنات کلسیم معادل 22/02 درصد بود. همبستگی بالایی بین سدیم و بی کربنات محلول با هدایت الکتریکی عصاره گل اشباع مشاهده شد. میانگین کلر، سولفات و بی‌کربنات به ترتیب20/41، 18/25 و 2/16 میلی‌اکی‌والان بر لیتر بود. 65/2 درصد از خاک‌های مورد مطالعه از نظر شوری و سدیمی بودن فاقد محدودیت بود. بر اساس نقشه پهنه بندی 7000 هکتار از اراضی مورد مطالعه در گروه خاک‌های شور قرار گرفت که بیانگر وجود محدودیت برای تولید پایدار محصول است. بر اساس یافته‌های این تحقیق، می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که اگرچه بخشی از خاک‌های باغ ها انار شهرستان ساوه با مشکل شوری مواجه هستند، اما خطر سدیمی‌شدن پایین است. بنابراین، استفاده از راهکارهای مدیریتی نظیر بهبود روش‌های آبیاری، اصلاح خاک و مدیریت بهینه تغذیه گیاهی می‌تواند در کاهش اثرات منفی شوری و پایداری تولید انار نقش مؤثری ایفا نماید.
کلیدواژه‌ها
شوری خاک؛ انار؛ ساوه؛ نسبت جذب سدیم؛ کربنات کلسیم معادل
عنوان مقاله [English]
Assessment of soils salinity status in pomegranate orchards of Saveh
نویسندگان [English]
Mohammad Ali khodshenas؛ Javad Ghadbeyklou
Scientific Member , Soil and Water Department, Markazi Agricultural and Resources Research and Training Center, AREEO, Arak, Iran
چکیده [English]
Background and Objectives: Iran, as the third-largest pomegranate producer in the world, possesses one of the richest genetic reservoirs of this crop, with approximately 800 identified genotypes. Saveh is among the most important pomegranate-producing regions in Iran, contributing significantly to the national output and export of the fruit.
However, the arid to semi-arid climate of the area and the declining precipitation have led to salt accumulation in the soil, resulting in salinization and a tendency toward sodicity. Besides reducing growth and yield, salinity negatively affects fruit quality. Assessing the current status of soil salinity and the risk of sodicity is therefore essential for the sustainable management of pomegranate orchards in the region.




Mterials and Methods: This study was conducted in the pomegranate orchards of Saveh. After georeferencing the orchards and preparing a base map, soil samples were taken from the 0–60 cm depth. A total of 23 samples were collected and transferred to the laboratory, where the following chemical properties were determined: pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of the saturation paste, calcium-carbonate equivalent (CCE), soluble Cl⁻, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and SO₄²⁻, and the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. For spatial modeling of salinity, log-transformed data were interpolated by ordinary kriging. A spherical variogram (nugget = 1.5, sill = 18, range ≈ 8 km) was selected as the best-fit model, and its performance was validated by cross-validation.




Results: Results showed that 65.2 % of the samples were non-saline, whereas 34.8 % fell into the saline class. Mean ECe was 4.08 dS m⁻¹, mean pH 7.8, and mean CCE 22.02 %. Strong positive correlations were observed between soluble Na⁺ and HCO₃⁻ and the ECe. Average concentrations of Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, and HCO₃⁻ in the saturation extract were 20.41, 18.25, and 2.16 mmol L⁻¹, respectively. According to the salinity zoning map, 7,000 ha of the studied area are classified as salt-affected, implying a substantial limitation to sustainable pomegranate production.




Conclusion: Although a considerable portion of the orchard soils in Saveh currently suffers from salinity, the risk of sodicity remains low. Continuous monitoring of Na⁺ and HCO₃⁻ concentrations is nevertheless recommended to prevent future structural degradation and fertility decline.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
soil salinity, pomegranate, Saveh, sodium adsorption ratio, calcium carbonate equivalent
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