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مروری بر ژرم پلاسم گلابی معمولی (.Pyrus communis L) و استفاده از آن در برنامه به نژادی و گزینش ارقام جدید در ایران | ||
| نهال و بذر | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 26 مهر 1404 اصل مقاله (4.73 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/spj.2025.370826.1443 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| حمید عبدالهی* | ||
| دانشیار، پژوهشکده میوههای معتدله و سردسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| در میان میوههای مختلف، گلابی در رده پنجم اهمیت در سطح جهان طبقهبندی شده است و این محصول در سه گروه گلابی معمولی، آسیائی و چینی تولید می شود. جنس گلابی (Pyrus)، دارای حداقل 36 گونه و هیبرید بین گونهای است که در چهار مرکز تنوع ژنتیکی شرق آسیا، آسیای مرکزی و ایران، اروپا و حوزه مدیترانه، پراکنده اند. وجود یکی از مراکز مهم تنوع ژنتیکی جنس گلابی در ایران و همپوشانی برخی از مراکز، نظیر مرکز تنوع ژنتیکی اروپا در نواحی غربی سبب شده تا هشت گونه آن، در این ناحیه موجود و تنوع ژنتیکی بسیار گستردهای از گونه گلابی معمولی (P. communis L.) در نواحی شمالی و غربی ایران وجود داشته باشد. تنوع گسترده این گونه میتواند به عنوان یکی از اصلیترین منابع گزینش اولیه ارقام بومی گلابی نظیر ارقام شاهمیوه، سبری، نطنزی، دمکج، شاهک و درگزی و همچنین انواع خوج موجود در مناطق شمالی کشور باشد. این تنوع ژنتیکی گسترده و به موازات آن، واردات ژرمپلاسم گلابی تجاری طی چند دهه اخیر، پتانسیل فراوانی برای برنامه های به نژادی گلابی با اهداف گزینش برای مقاومت به بیماری آتشک، برای مقاومت به پسیل گلابی، عادت باردهی و پاکوتاهی، پیشرسی و بهبود کیفیت میوه، فراهم آورده است. در این مقاله مروری، با توجه به استقبال باغداران گلابی در دو دهه اخیر و توسعه باغهای مدرن این محصول در سامانههای کشت نیمهمتراکم و تقاضای تولیدکنندگان برای استفاده از ارقام و پایههای جدید، به پتانسیلهای موجود برای بهبود و گزینش ارقام این محصول پرداخته شده است. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| گلابی؛ گزینش؛ تنوع ژنتیکی؛ ارقام بومی؛ نشانگرهای مورفولوژیک؛ نشانگرهای مولکولی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A Review on Germplasm of Common Pear (Pyrus communis L.) and Its Utilization in Breeding Program and Selection of New Cultivars in Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Hamid Abdollahi | ||
| Associate Professor, Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
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| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Selection, Morphological Markers, Molecular Markers, Genetic Diversity, Introduced Cultivars | ||
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