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Studying the effect of zinc nanoparticle foliar spraying and growth biostimulants on physiological and functional characteristics of sugar beet under water deficit conditions | ||
| چغندرقند | ||
| Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 02 December 2025 | ||
| Document Type: Scientific - Research | ||
| DOI: 10.22092/jsb.2025.370717.1395 | ||
| Authors | ||
| Shahnaz Nikzad1; Soran sharafi* 2; Tooraj Mir Mahmoudi1; Saman Yazdan Seta1; Hamze Hamze3 | ||
| 1Institute of Agriculture, Water, Food, and Nutraceuticals, Mah.C., Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran. | ||
| 2Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Mahabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran | ||
| 3Sugar Beet Research Dept, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Hamedan, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Hamedan, Iran. | ||
| Abstract | ||
| This study aimed to investigate the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and biostimulants (chitosan and proline) on the physiological traits and yield of sugar beet under both normal irrigation and water deficit stress conditions. The experiment was conducted over the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons using a split-plot arrangement within a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments consisted of two irrigation regimes (normal and water deficit stress), three concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles (0, 2, and 4 mg/L), and four biostimulant treatments (control, chitosan at 200 mg/L, proline at 150 mg/L, and a combination of chitosan and proline). Key physiological parameters—including relative water content, stomatal conductance, and leaf proline content—as well as yield components (root yield, sugar content, and sugar yield) were measured and statistically analyzed. The results demonstrated that the application of 4 mg/L nano-zinc oxide under water deficit stress significantly increased proline content, stomatal conductance, root yield, sugar content, and sugar yield by 17.94%, 32.13%, 10.48%, 11.46%, and 26.89%, respectively, compared to the untreated control. Similarly, under water deficit conditions, the combined foliar application of chitosan and proline significantly enhanced proline content, root yield, sugar content, and sugar yield by 4.76%, 11.46%, 15.67%, and 32.71%, respectively, relative to the control. The highest values for stomatal conductance, root yield, sugar content, and sugar yield were achieved with the concurrent application of 2 or 4 mg/L nano-zinc oxide along with chitosan and proline. In conclusion, the combined use of zinc oxide nanoparticles, chitosan, and proline is recommended as an effective strategy for enhancing drought tolerance in sugar beet. This treatment improved yield by enhancing plant water status, increasing osmolyte accumulation, and reducing oxidative stress. | ||
| Keywords | ||
| Physiological characteristics; proline; sugar content; water deficit | ||
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