| تعداد نشریات | 285 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 83 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,139 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,918 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 50,383,489 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 90,276,856 |
معرفی مخمرهای Candida membranifaciens و Rhodotorula mucilaginosa به عنوان عوامل موثر در کنترل بیولوژیک بیماریهای کپک سبز و آبی میوه مرکبات | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاهپزشکی | ||
| دوره 12، شماره 2، اسفند 1403، صفحه 1-12 اصل مقاله (556.54 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2025.370897.400 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| فرید بیکی فیروزجاهی* | ||
| استادیار، موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پوسیدگیهای پس از برداشت در میوههای مرکبات یکی از چالشهای اساسی در زنجیره تولید و نگهداری این محصولات بهشمار میرود که عمدتاً بر اثر فعالیت بیمارگرهای قارچی ایجاد میشود. در این میان، بیماریهای کپک سبز (Penicillium digitatum) و کپک آبی (P. italicum) از مهمترین عوامل خسارتزا محسوب میشوند. مدیریت این بیماریها معمولاً از طریق مصرف قارچکشهای شیمیایی انجام میگیرد، اما نگرانیهای مربوط به آثار زیستمحیطی و بروز جدایههای مقاوم، ضرورت توسعه و بهکارگیری روشهای جایگزین را بیش از پیش آشکار ساخته است. در سالهای اخیر، استفاده از عوامل مهارزیستی بهویژه مخمرهای آنتاگونیست، بهعنوان رویکردی پایدار و سازگار با محیط زیست برای کنترل بیماریهای پس از برداشت میوههای مرکبات، توجه بسیاری از پژوهشگران را به خود جلب کرده است. این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی توان مهارزیستی مخمرهای جداشده از سطوح میوههای مرکبات در برابر عوامل بیماریهای کپک سبز و آبی میوه مرکبات انجام شده است. برای این منظور، نمونههای میوه از باغهای مختلف استان مازندران جمعآوری و مخمرهای بومی متنوعی از آنها جداسازی گردید. بر اساس خصوصیات فنوتیپی، نمایندههایی از هر گروه مخمر انتخاب و توانایی آنها در مهار رشد و توسعه آلودگی ناشی از قارچهای یادشده بر روی میوه پرتقال رقم تامسون ناول مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ابتدا سطح میوهها با ایجاد خراشهای سطحی مشابه حالت طبیعی ایجاد و سپس در سوسپانسیون مخمر (با غلظت ۱۰8 سلول در هر میلیلیتر آب) قرار داده شدند. پس از آن، آلودهسازی میوهها با استفاده از سوسپانسیون اسپور قارچهای بیمارگر (با غلظت ۱۰5 اسپور در هر میلیلیتر) انجام گرفت. پس از گذشت دو هفته نگهداری در شرایط انباری، درصد بروز بیماری ثبت و دادهها بر اساس طرح آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل آماری قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان میدهد نوع مخمر و نوع بیمارگر هر دو اثر معنیداری بر میزان کارایی مهارزیستی دارند. شناسایی مولکولی جدایههای برتر با استفاده از تعیین ترادف ناحیه ژنی ITS با استفاده از آغازگرهای اختصاصی ITS1 و ITS4 انجام شد و بر این اساس دو مخمر به ترتیب به عنوان Candida membranifaciens و Rhodotorula mucilaginosa شناسایی گردیدند. ارزیابی کارایی مهارزیستی بر اساس فرمول ابوت نیز نشان میدهد این دو مخمر در کاهش پوسیدگی به ویژه ناشی از کپک سبز بسیار مؤثر بودهاند، بهطوریکه کارایی آنها در مهار کپک سبز بهترتیب ۹۸ و ۹۹ درصد برآورد شد. در مقابل، در خصوص کنترل کپک آبی، کارآیی کمتر بوده و بهترتیب ۵۰ و ۵۸ درصد گزارش میگردد. در مجموع، نتایج این پژوهش نشان میدهد استفاده از مخمرهای آنتاگونیست بومی میتواند بهعنوان جایگزینی زیستسازگار و مؤثر برای قارچکشهای شیمیایی در مدیریت پوسیدگیهای پس از برداشت میوههای مرکبات مورد استفاده قرار گیرد و راهکار مناسبی برای توسعه سیستمهای مدیریت تلفیقی بیماریهای پس از برداشت ارائه دهد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| پوسیدگی انباری؛ P. italicum؛ Penicillium digitatum؛ مهارزیستی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Introduction of Candida membranifaciens and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa Yeasts as Effective Biocontrol Agents against Citrus Fruit Green and Blue Mold Diseases | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Farid Beiki Firouzjahi | ||
| Assistant Professor, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Postharvest decay in citrus fruits is considered one of the major challenges in the production and storage chain of these products, primarily caused by the activity of fungal pathogens. Among these, green mold (Penicillium digitatum) and blue mold (P. italicum) are regarded as the most important agents of damage. Management of these diseases is usually carried out by using chemical fungicides; however, concerns regarding their environmental impact and the emergence of resistant strains have increasingly highlighted the need to develop and apply alternative methods. In recent years, the use of biocontrol agents, especially antagonistic yeasts, has attracted considerable attention from researchers as a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to controlling postharvest diseases in citrus fruits. This study was conducted to evaluate the biocontrol potential of yeasts isolated from citrus fruits surfaces against the causal agents of green and blue mold diseases in citrus. To this purpose, fruit samples were collected from various orchards in Mazandaran province, and various indigenous yeasts were isolated from them. Based on phenotypic characteristics, representatives from each yeast group were selected, and their ability to inhibit the growth and development of infections caused by the aforementioned fungi was examined on Thomson Navel oranges. First, superficial scratches similar to natural damage were made on the surface of the fruits, after which they were placed in a suspension of yeast (at a concentration of 10^8 cells per milliliter of water). Subsequently, the fruits were inoculated with a suspension of pathogenic fungal spores (at a concentration of 10^5 spores per milliliter). After two weeks of storage under warehouse conditions, the incidence of disease was recorded and the data were subjected to statistical analysis based on a factorial experimental design in a completely randomized layout. The results show that both the type of yeast and the type of pathogen have a significant effect on the biocontrol efficiency. Molecular identification of the superior isolates was carried out using sequencing of the ITS gene region with specific ITS1 and ITS4 primers, and based on this, the two yeasts were identified as Candida membranifaciens and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, respectively. Biocontrol performance assessment according to Abbott’s formula also shows that these two yeasts were highly effective in reducing decay, especially decay caused by green mold, with their efficacy in controlling green mold estimated at 98% and 99%, respectively. In contrast, for controlling blue mold, the efficacy was lower, reported at 50% and 58%, respectively. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the use of indigenous antagonistic yeasts can serve as an effective and eco–friendly alternative to chemical fungicides in the management of postharvest decay in citrus fruits and offers a suitable strategy for the development of integrated postharvest disease management systems. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Postharvest decay, Penicillium italicum, P. digitatum, Biocontrol | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Agirman, B. & Erten, H. 2020. Biocontrol ability and action mechanisms of Aureobasidium pullulans GE17 and Meyerozyma guilliermondii KL3 against Penicillium digitatum DSM2750 and Penicillium expansum DSM62841 causing postharvest diseases. Yeast, 37(9–10): 437–448. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/yea.3501 Agriculture statistics. 2023. Report on horticultural, mushroom, and greenhouse products. Ministry of Jihad–e–Agriculture, Statistics Deputy, Center for Statistics, Information Technology and Communication. 400 P. Tehran. Ahima, J., Zhang, X., Yang, Q., Zhao, L., Tibiru, A. M. & Zhang, H. 2019. Biocontrol activity of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa combined with salicylic acid against Penicillium digitatum infection in oranges. Biological Control, 135: 23–32. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2019.04.019 Alavifard, F., Etebarian, H., Sahebani, N. & Aminian, H. 2012. Induction of resistance in apple fruit inoculated with antagonistic Candida membranifaciens isolates and Botrytis mali. Journal of Crop Protection, 1(3): 249–259. Bhatta, U. K. 2022. Alternative management approaches of citrus diseases caused by Penicillium digitatum (green mold) and Penicillium italicum (blue mold). Front Plant Sci, 12: 833328. Chen, J., Shen, Y., Chen, C. & Wan, C. 2019. Inhibition of key citrus postharvest fungal strains by plant extracts in vitro and In vivo: A review. Plants (Basel), 8(2). doi:10.3390/plants8020026 Cheng, Y., Lin, Y., Cao, H. & Li, Z. 2020. Citrus postharvest green mold: recent advances in fungal pathogenicity and fruit resistance. Microorganisms, 8(3): 449. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/2076–2607/8/3/449 Droby, S., Vinokur, V., Weiss, B., Cohen, L., Daus, A., Goldschmidt, E. & Porat, R. 2002. Induction of resistance to penicillium digitatum in grapefruit by the yeast biocontrol agent candida oleophila. Phytopathology. doi:10.1094/phyto.2002.92.4.393 Dukare, A., Paul, S., Nambi, V., Gupta, R. K., Singh, R., Sharma, K. & Vishwakarma, R. 2019. Exploitation of microbial antagonists for the control of postharvest diseases of fruits: a review. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. doi:10.1080/10408398.2017.1417235 El–Neshawy, S.M. & El–Sheikh, M.M. 1998. Control of green mold on oranges by Candida oleophila and calcium treatments. Annals of Agricultural Sciences Cairo, 3: 881–890. Elash, W.E.M., Aborehab, M.E.A., El–Sehrawy, O. A. M. & Shahin, S. I. 2023. Control of green and blue molds of citrus fruits using some biocontrol agents under egyptian conditions. Egyptian Journal of Phytopathology, 51(1): 93–102. doi:10.21608/ejp.2023.199708.1089 Esteve–Zarzoso, B., Belloch, C., Uruburu, F. & Querol, A. 1999. Identification of yeasts by RFLP analysis of the 5.8S rRNA gene and the two ribosomal internal transcribed spacers. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 49(1): 329–337. Ezzouggari, R., Bahhou, J., Taoussi, M., Kallali, N.S., Aberkani, K., Barka, E.A. & Lahlali, R. 2024. Yeast warriors: exploring the potential of yeasts for sustainable citrus post–harvest disease management. Agronomy. doi:10.3390/agronomy14020288 Farahani, L., Etebarian, H.R., Sahebani, N. & Aminian, H. 2011. Biocontrol of blue mold of apple by Candida membranifaciens in combination with silicon. Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection, 45(3): 310–317. doi:10.1080/03235408.2011.559055 Fard, F., Etebarian, H. & Sahebani, N. 2012. Biological control of gray mold of apple by Candida membranifaciens, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Pichia guilliermondii. Iranian Journal of Plant Protection Science, 48(1): 17–26. Felsenstein, J. 1989. Mathematics vs. evolution: mathematical evolutionary theory. marcus w. feldman. ed. princeton Science, 246(4932): 941–942. Ferraz, L., da Cunha, T., da Silva, A.C. & Kupper, K. 2016. Biocontrol ability and putative mode of action of yeasts against Geotrichum citri–aurantii in citrus fruit. Microbiol Res, 188: 72–79. Gholamnejad, J., Etebarian, H. & Sahebani, N. 2010. Biological control of apple blue mold with Candida membranifaciens and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. African Journal of Food Science, 4(1): 1–7. Ghosh, S., Santra, T. & Chakravarty, A. 2013. Study of antagonistic yeasts isolated from some natural sources of West Bengal. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America 4: 33–40. Hammami, R., Oueslati, M., Smiri, M., Nefzi, S., Ruissi, M., Comitini, F., Romanazzi, G., Cacciola, S.O. & Sadfi Zouaoui, N. 2022. Epiphytic yeasts and bacteria as candidate biocontrol agents of green and blue molds of citrus fruits. Journal of fungi, 8(8): 818. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/2309–608X/8/8/818 Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. & Tamura, K. 2018. MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms. Mol Biol Evol, 35(6): 1547–1549. Lahlali, R., Serrhini, M. & Jijakli, M. 2004. Efficacy assessment of Candida oleophila (strain O) and Pichia anomala (strain K) against major postharvest diseases of citrus fruits in Morocco. Communications in agricultural and applied biological sciences, 69(4): 601–609. Li, J.Y. & Liu, C.H. 2024. Exploring the Potential of Candida sp. SW4–6 as a Probiotic for Enhancing Water Quality in Aquaculture. Microorganisms, 13(1). doi:10.3390/microorganisms13010042. Liu, X., Fang, W., Liu, L., Yu, T., Lou, B. & Zheng, X. 2010. Biological control of postharvest sour rot of citrus by two antagonistic yeasts. Letters in applied microbiology, 51: 30–35. doi:10.1111/j.1472–765X.2010.02851.x Long, C., Deng, B. & Deng, X. 2007. Commercial testing of Kloeckera apiculata, isolate 34–9, for biological control of postharvest diseases of citrus fruit. Annals of microbiology, 57(2): 203–207. Luo, Y., Zhou, Y. & Zeng, K. 2013. Effect of Pichia membranaefaciens on ROS metabolism and postharvest disease control in citrus fruit. Crop Protection, 53: 96–102. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2013.06.015 Macarisin, D., Cohen, L., Eick, A., Rafael, G., Belausov, E., Wisniewski, M. & Droby, S. 2007. Penicillium digitatum suppresses production of hydrogen peroxide in host tissue during infection of citrus fruit. Phytopathology, 97(11): 1491–1500. doi:10.1094/phyto–97–11–1491 Malisorn, A., Cheirsilp, B., Billateh, A., Louhasakul, Y. & Upaichit, A. 2025. Bioconversion of agro–industrial carbon wastes into biodiesel feedstocks with superior fuel properties by promising oleaginous yeasts and cultivation strategies. Carbon Resources Conversion: 100354. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crcon.2025.100354 McLaughlin, R.J., Wilson, C. L., Chalutz, E., Kurtzman, C.P., Fett, W.F. & Osman, S.F. 1990. Characterization and reclassification of yeasts used for biological control of postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 56(11): 3583–3586. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC185026/ Mokhtari, M., Etebarian, H., Mirhendi, S. & Razavi, M. 2011. Identification and phylogeny of some species of the genera Sporidiobolus and Rhodotorula using analysis of the 5.8 s rDNA gene and two ribosomal internal transcribed spacers. Archives of Biological Sciences, 63(1): 79–88. Mokhtarnejad, L., Arzanlou, M., Babai–Ahari, A. & Turchetti, B. 2015. Molecular identification of basidiomycetous yeasts from soils in Iran. Rostaniha, 16(1): 61–80. Moraes Bazioli, J., Belinato, J. R., Costa, J. H., Akiyama, D. Y., Pontes, J. G. d. M., Kupper, K. C., Augusto, F., de Carvalho, J. E. & Fill, T. P. 2019. Biological control of citrus postharvest phytopathogens. Toxins, 11(8): 460. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/2072–6651/11/8/460 Obagwu, J. & Korsten, L. 2003. Control of citrus green and blue molds with garlic extracts. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 109(3): 221–225. Perez, M. F., Contreras, L., Garnica, N. M., Fernández–Zenoff, M. V., Farías, M. E., Sepulveda, M., Ramallo, J. & Dib, J. R. 2016. Native killer yeasts as biocontrol agents of postharvest fungal diseases in lemons. PLoS One, 11(10): e0165590. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0165590 Piepho, H.–P., Malik, W. A., Bischoff, R., El–Hasan, A., Scheer, C., Sedlmeier, J. E., Gerhards, R., Petschenka, G. & Voegele, R. T. 2024. Efficacy assessment in crop protection: a tutorial on the use of Abbott’s formula. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 131(6): 2139–2160. Pimenta, R.S., Silva, F.L., Silva, J.F., Morais, P.B., Braga, D.T., Rosa, C.A. & Corrêa Jr, A. 2008. Biological control of Penicillium italicum, P. digitatum and P. expansum by the predacious yeast Saccharomycopsis schoenii on oranges. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 39: 85–90. Sharma, R., Dinesh, S. & Rajbir, S. 2009. Biological control of postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables by microbial antagonists: a review. Biological Control, 50(3): 205–221. doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.05.001 Singh, N., Singh, R., Bhunia, A. & Stroshine, R. 2002. Efficacy of chlorine dioxide, ozone, and thyme essential oil or a sequential washing in killing Escherichia coli o157: h7 on lettuce and baby carrots. LWT–Food Science and Technology, 35(8): 720–729. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0023643802909333 Spadaro, D., Ciavorella, A., Dianpeng, Z., Garibaldi, A. & Gullino, M.L. 2010. Effect of culture media and pH on the biomass production and biocontrol efficacy of a Metschnikowia pulcherrima strain to be used as a biofungicide for postharvest disease control. Can J Microbiol, 56(2): 128–137. doi:10.1139/w09–117 Visagie, C.M., Roets, F. & Jacobs, K. 2009. A new species of Penicillium, P. ramulosum sp. nov., from the natural environment. Mycologia, 101(6): 888–895. Wang, Z., Sui, Y., Li, J., Tian, X. & Wang, Q. 2022. Biological control of postharvest fungal decays in citrus: a review. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. doi:10.1080/10408398.2020.1829542 White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. pp. 315–322. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (eds.), PCR Protocols a Guide to Methods and Applications 1 nd ed. San Diego: Academic Press. Wodzinski, R., Umholtz, T., Rundle, J. & Beer, S.V. 1994. Mechanisms of inhibition of Erwinia amylovora by Erwinia herbicola in vitro and in vivo. Journal of applied microbiology, 76(1): 22–29. Yang, Q., Zhang, H., Zhang, X., Zheng, X. & Qian, J. 2015. Phytic acid enhances biocontrol activity of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa against Penicillium expansum contamination and patulin production in apples. Front Microbiol, 6: 1296. Zhao, L., Zhang, H., Li, J., Cui, J. J., Zhang, X. & Ren, X. 2012. Enhancement of biocontrol efficacy of Pichia carribbica to postharvest diseases of strawberries by addition of trehalose to the growth medium. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 13(3): 3916–3932. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 42 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 38 |
||