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بررسی نقش ویژگی های فیزیکی خاک در نفوذ آب به خاک در منطقه نیمه خشک | ||
| پژوهش های خاک | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 20 دی 1404 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/ijsr.2026.370662.796 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مرتضی یاوری1؛ علی رضا واعظی* 1؛ محمد صادق عسکری2 | ||
| 1گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران | ||
| 2گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| هدف این پژوهش بررسی نقش برخی ویژگیهای فیزیکی خاک در نفوذ آب به خاک در برخی خاکهای منطقه نیمهخشک زنجان بود. بدین منظور، ۶۸ نقطه با تنوع بافت، کاربری و پوشش گیاهی، انتخاب و آزمایشهای نفوذ با استفاده از استوانه مضاعف انجام شد. در نمونهبهای خاک (صفر تا 60 سانتیمتر) ۱2 ویژگی فیزیکی اندازهگیری شد. شش شاخص نفوذ: نفوذ تجمعی (CI)، نفوذ اولیه (II)، شدت نفوذ اولیه (IIR)، شدت نفوذ نهایی (FIR)، شدت نفوذ متوسط (MIR) و عمق مؤثر نفوذ (EDI) تعیین شدند. نتایج همبستگی پیرسون نشان داد که میانگین وزنی (MWDwet) و هندسی (GMDwet) قطر خاکدانهها در حالت تر با همه شاخصهای نفوذ رابطه معنیدار داشت (p< 0.05). چگالی ظاهری (BD) با CI، II، FIR و MIR همبستگی معنیدار داشت (p< 0.05). نتایج رگرسیونی نشان داد ویژگیهای فیزیکی خاک شامل: چگالی ظاهری، رطوبت اولیه، سنگریزه، توزیع اندازه ذرات و میانگین هندسی قطر خاکدانهها نقش محوری در تعیین نفوذ آب در خاک دارند. برای انجام تحلیل واریانس یکطرفه، خاکها در چهار گروه بر مبنای BD، MWDwet و GMDwet جدا شدند. تفاوت معنیداری بین سطوح مختلف GMDwet از نظر CI، II و FIR وجود داشت (p< 0.05). همچنین تفاوت بین سطوح مختلف MWDwet از نظر CI و II معنیدار بود و در مورد سطوح مختلف BD، تفاوتها تنها از نظر از نظر CI معنیدار بود. این پژوهش نشان داد که علاوه بر ساختمان خاک، توزیع اندازه ذرات اولیه نیز با اثرگذاری بر شاخصهایی مانند چگالی ظاهری، تخلخل و پایداری خاکدانهها نقش مؤثری در نفوذ آب در خاکهای منطقه نیمهخشک دارد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| پایداری خاکدانه؛ توزیع اندازه ذرات؛ چگالی ظاهری؛ خاکدانههای پایدار در آب؛ میانگین وزنی قطر | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Investigating the role of soil physical properties in water infiltration in a semi_arid region | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mortaza Yavari1؛ Alireza Vaezi1؛ Mohmmad-Sadegh Askari2 | ||
| 1Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and Objectives: Infiltration is one of the most important hydraulic properties of soil, representing the entry of water into the soil, usually occurring in a vertical direction (Faki et al., 2018). This soil property plays a crucial role in the natural water cycle (Turner, 2006) and has significant implications for soil management (Turner, 2006). In semi-arid regions, this hydraulic property is particularly important not only for meeting the water requirements of rangeland and rainfed crops but also for reducing runoff as well as soil erosion (Vaezi, 2018). Several factors influence soil infiltration, which can be generally categorized into three groups: (1) spatial and surface characteristics, (2) soil properties, and (3) climatic and environmental conditions (Zoaid, 2021; Vaezi, 2018). This study focused on soil physical properties with the aim of quantifying the influence of a wide range of these properties on water infiltration and identifying the most important factors in selected soils in a semi-arid region. Materials and Methods: To investigate the role of soil physical properties on soil water infiltration indices, sixty eight sites in a semi-arid climate of Zanjan province were selected. To capture sufficient variability for examining the effects of physical factors on soil water infiltration, the sites were chosen based on criteria such as land use type, vegetation cover, soil texture, ensuring that the experiments were conducted on the predominant soils of the region. At each sampling site, fourteen consecutive readings of infiltration depth were recorded at specific time intervals until the infiltration rate reached to a steady state flow, for the calculation of various soil water infiltration indices. To evaluate soil water infiltration in detail, six key indices including cumulative infiltration (CI), initial infiltration (II), initial infiltration rate (IIR), final infiltration rate (FIR), mean infiltration rate (MIR), and effective infiltration depth (EID) were determined. In addition to field infiltration measurements, disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected from 0–60 cm depth soil surface as the active hydrological layer (Brady & Weil, 2017) and transferred to the laboratory. Various soil physical properties consist of particle size distribution (PSD), gravel content, bulk density (BD), initial soil moisture, mean weigt diameter of soil aggregates (MWDdry), MWD and geometric mean diameter of water-stable aggregates (MWDwet and GMDwet) were determined in the samples. Results: Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the mean weight diameter (MWDwet) and geometric mean diameter (GMDwet) of water-stable aggregates were significantly correlated with all infiltration indices (p< 0.05). Bulk density also exhibited significant correlations with CI, II, FIR, and MIR (P< 0.05). Moreover, the multiple regression results indicated that the physical properties including BD, initial soil moisture, gravel content, PSD, and GMDwet are the main factors controlling water infiltration in the soils. The regression results indicated that the physical properties including BD, initial soil moisture, gravel, particle size distribution and GMD are the main factors controlling water infiltration. In order to the one-way analysis of variance, the soils were classified at four groups in BD, MWDwet and GMDwet. Significant differences were found among GMDwet groups in CI, II and FIR (p< 0.05). Diffences among different groups of MWDwet in CI and II wear significant. Additionally, significant differences were among the BD groups in CI. This study indicated that along with soil structure, particle size distribution of soils can affect of soil structure as well as porosity and in return impact on water infiltration in semi-arid soils. Conclusion: The results showed that mean weigt diameter and geometric mean diameter of water-stable aggregates (MWDwet and GMDwet) along with bulk density (BD) have the highest correlations with soil water infiltration indices. These three soil physical properties are considered to be the most important determining factors in explaining soil water infiltration. It was also found that particle size distribution (PSD) influences indirectly MWDwet and GMDwet and BD and in consequence affects soil infiltration behavior. These findings emphasize the importance of PSD and soil structure in the process of soil water infiltration in semi-arid regions. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Bulk density, Geometric mean diameter, Particle size distribution, Mean weight diameter, Water-stable aggregates | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 16 |
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