| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,020 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,742 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 44,988,711 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 47,425,066 |
اثرات بستر بذر زود هنگام (ماخار) بر کاهش جمعیت جودره ( Hordeum spontaneum ) در زراعت گندم | ||
| دانش علف‌های هرز ایران | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 11، شماره 1، شهریور 1394، صفحه 27-36 اصل مقاله (388.81 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| احمد دیه جی1؛ بتول صمدانی2؛ محمدعلی باغستانی2؛ اسکندر زند2؛ دلاور بهروزی3 | ||
| 1موسسه تحقیقات پنبه | ||
| 2موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی | ||
| 3مرکز تحقیقات چهارمحال بختیاری | ||
| چکیده | ||
| علف‌هرز جودره در مناطق مختلف کشور به عنوان عامل مهم و بازدارنده در افزایش عملکرد گندم می‌باشد. کنترل آن با استفاده از ماخار گامی در جهت نیل به کشاورزی پایدار در گندم می‌باشد. بدین منظور آزمایشی در سال‌‌های زراعی1387-1386 و 88-1387 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی کشور در ورامین انجام شد. در سال اول جودره و گندم رقم کویر، جهت آلودگی مزرعه، در مجاورت یکدیگر کشت شدند و در تابستان پس از برداشت گندم، آزمایشی با 9 تیمار انجام گرفت. تیمارهای آزمایش عبارت بودند از: 1- شخم زمین و کاشت چهار ردیف ذرت رقم سینگل کراس 704 در آن و آبیاری هفته‌ای یکبار تا زمان برداشت ذرت، 2- شخم زمین و هفته‌ای یکبار آبیاری تا زمان برداشت ذرت در تیمار 1، تیمارهای 3، 4، 5، 6، 7، 8 و 9 بدون هیچ گونه عملیات خاک‌ورزی و فقط یکبار آبیاری در تاریخ‌های مختلف در این تیمارها. پس از اعمال آخرین تیمار، در تابستان 87 کلیه کرت‌‌ها شخم خورده و گندم کشت گردید. نتایج نشان داد علیرغم آبیاری تیمارها پس از برداشت گندم سال اول، بذر‌های جودره در تیمارهایی که از اواخر مرداد ماه آبیاری شدند سبز گردید. انجام ماخار باعث شد که از تراکم بوته‌های جودره سبز شده همزمان با گندم تا میزان دو سوم (200 بوته در متر مربع) کاسته شود. با کاهش تراکم بوته‌های جودره در پی ماخار، عملکرد دانه گندم تا دو برابر افزایش یافت. از طرفی انجام شخم در زراعت ذرت باعث دفن بذور جودره و کاهش تراکم آن در زمان زراعت ذرت و همزمان با گندم گردید. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بانک بذر علف هرز؛ تراکم علف هرز؛ عملکرد گندم؛ مدیریت تلفیقی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effect of Stale Seedbed on the Reduction of Hordeum spontaneum Population in Wheat | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Hordeum spontaneum C.Koch. is known as a significant factor in decreasing wheat yield. Its control by stale seedbed is a step toward achieving sustainable agriculture in wheat. For this purpose, field experiments were performed during 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 in the experimental fields of the Iranian Institute of Plant Protection, Varamin, Iran. In order to contaminate the field with the weed, wheat was planted in association with H. spontaneum, during the first year. After harvesting wheat in the summer, an experiment was conducted with 9 treatments. Treatments included: 1) field plowing after wheat harvesting and corn (Cultivar SC704) planting, irrigating weekly up to corn harvesting, 2) field plowing no corn cultivation, but irriatted up to corn harvesting in treatment 1. Treatments 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 were not plowed but irrigated only once, each at an indicated date (July 4th, July 19th, August 1st, August 18th, September 10th, September 23th, and October 8th). Results revealed that stale seedbed from the middle of August favored H. spontaneum emergence. Thus its density reduced in wheat up to two thirds and wheat grain yield increased two times. Field plowing after wheat harvesting increased H. spontaneum burial depth and reduced its density in corn and wheat. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Weed seed bank, Weed Density, wheat yield, integrated management | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Ahmadvand, A., Nasiri-Mahalati, M. and Kocheki, A.R. 2006. Effect of light and nitrogen on canopy structure of wheat and wild oat. J. Agric. Sci. Natur. Resour. 12: 100-112. (In Persian with English summary). Baghestani Meybodi, M.A., Akbari,G., Atri, A. and Mokhtari, M. 2003. Competitive effects of rye (Secale cereale L.) on growth indices, yield and yield components of wheat. Pajou & Sazan. 6: 2- 11. (In Persian with English summary). Baghestani, M. A., Zand, E., Mesgaran, M., Veyssi, M., Pourazar, R. and Mohammadipour, M. 2008. Control of weed barley species in winter wheat with sulfusulfuron at different rate and times of application. Weed Biol. & Manag. 8:181- 191. Bello, I.A., Hatterman-Valenti, H. and Owen, M.D.K. 2000. Factors affecting germination and seed production of Eriochloa villosa. Weed Sci. 48: 749- 754. Boyd, N. S. and Brennan, E. B. 2006. Burning nettle, common purslane, and rye response to a clove oil herbicide. Weed Technol. 20: 646– 650. Burke, I.C., Thomas, W.E., Spears, J.F. and Wilcut, J.W. 2003. Influence of environmental factors on after-ripened crowfootgrass (Dactyloctenium aegyptium) seed germination. Weed Sci. 51: 342- 347. Burnside, O.C., Wicks, G.A. and Carlson, D.R. 1980. Control of weeds in an oat (Avena sativa) soybean (Glycine max) ecofarming rotation. Weed Sci. 28: 46- 50. Caldwell, B. and Mohler, C. L. 2001. Stale seedbed practices for vegetable production. Hort. Sci. 36:703– 705. Chachalis, D. and Reddy, K.N. 2000. Factors affecting Campsis radicans seed germination and seedling emergence. Weed Sci. 48: 212- 216. Chaudhary, V. P., Pandey, D. K., Gangwar, K.S. and Sharma, S. K. 2004. Energy auditing of different weed management practices for wheat in India. www. http://sta.uwi.edu. October 2014. Dimitri, C. 2008. USDA Economic research service. http://www.ers.usda.gov/data/organic/. March 23, 2008. Farhangfar, M., Saydi, H., Entesari, M., Rahimian, H. and Moghaddam, H. 2012. Evaluation of chemical weed management on two varieties of red beans in stale seedbed system. Iranian J. of Weed Sci. 8: 101- 110. (In Persian with English summary). Forcella, F. 1998. Real-time assessment of seed dormancy and seedling growth for weed management. Seed Sci. Res. 8: 201- 209. Heatherly, L.G. and Elmore, C.D. 1983. Response of soybeans (Glycine max) to planting in untilled, weedy seedbed on clay soil. Weed Sci. 31:93- 99. Jamali, M.R., Hamiri, Sh. And Fereydoonpour, M. 2009. Effect of Total, Chevalier, Topik+Granstar and Axial in different density of wheat. 19th Plant Protection Congress in Iran, Plant Protection Research Institute, pp 79. (In Persian with English summary). Johnson, W.C. and Mullinix, B.G. 1998. Stale seedbed weed control in cucumber. Weed Sci. 46:698-702. Johnson, W.C. and Mullinix, B.G. 2000. Evaluation of tillage implements for stale seedbed tillage in peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Weed Technol. 14: 519- 523. Kebreab, E. and Murdoch, A. J. 2001. Simulation of integrated control strategies for Orobanche spp.based on a life cycle model. Exp. Agric. 37: 37– 51. Kropff, M. J., Wallinga, J. and Lotz, L. A. P. 1996. Weed population dynamics. In: Proceedings Second International Weed Control Congress Copenhagen. pp. 3–14. Kumar, V., Singh, S., Chhokar, R.S., Malik, R.K., Brainard, D.C. and Ladha, J.K. 2013. Weed management strategies to reduce herbicide use in zero-till rice–wheat cropping systems of the indo-gangetic plains. Weed Technol. 27: 241- 254. Minbashi, M., Baghestani, M.A., Ahmadi, A., Ebtali, Y., Esfandiyari, H., Deym, H., Barjasteh, A., Bagherani, N. and Younesabadi, M. 2007. Approches to weed management in irrigated wheat in Iran (2000 to 2005). 2nd Iranian Weed Science Congress, pp 7- 26. (In Persian with English summary). Moghanloo, H.A., Alizadeh, H., Oveisi, M. 2013. Predicting seedling emergence of Hordeum spontanum: do the emerged ecotypes from different climates in iran indicate different patterns of emergence? Iranian J. of weed Sci. 9: 15- 26. (In Persian with English summary). Saadatian, B., Ahmadvand, G. and Soleimani, F. 2012. Effect of competition of rye (Secale cereale L.) and Wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) on two variety of winter wheat. Journal of Plant Protec. 1: 8- 19. (In Persian with English summary). Safdar, M. E., Asif, M., Amjed, A., Aziz, A., Yasin, M., Aziz, M., Afzal, M., and Ali, A. 2011. Comparative efficacy of different weed management strategies in wheat. Chilean J. of Agricultural Res. 71: 195- 204. Tripp, T.N., Oliver, L.R. and Baldwin, F.L. 1988. Use of imazaquin and chlorimuron plus metribuzin in stale seedbed soybeans. Proc. South.Weed Sci. Soc. USA. 41: 38-45. Vanhala, T.K. and Stam, P. 2006. Quantitative trait loci for seed dormancy in wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch). Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. 53: 1013- 1019. Ward, J., Smith, S. and McClaran, M. 2006. Water requirements for emergence of buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare). Weed Sci. 54: 720- 725. Yan, J., Chen, G., Cheng, J., Nevo, E. and Gutterman, Y. 2008. Phenotypic variation in caryopsis dormancy and seedling salt tolerance in wild barley, Hordeum spontaneum, from different habitats. Genetic Reso. and Crop Evol. 55: 995-1005. Yang, Z., Zhang, T., Bolshoy, A., Beharav, A., and Nevo, E. 2009. Adaptive microclimatic structural and expressional dehydrin 1 evolution in wild barley, Hordeum spontaneum, at Evolution Canyon. Molecular Ecol. 18: 2063- 2075. Yasin, M., Iqbal, Z., Safdar, M.E., Rehman, A., Ali, A., Asif, M., Aziz, M., Tanveer, A., and Pervez, M.A. 2011. Phalaris minor control, resistance development and strategies for integrated management of resistance to fenoxaprop-ethyl. African Journal of Biotech. 10: 1802- 1807. Zhang, F. and Gutterman, Y. 2003. The trade-off between breaking of dormancy of caryopses and revival ability of young seedlings of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum). Can. J. Bot. 81: 375- 382. Zhang, F., Gutterman, Y., Krugman, T., Fahima, T., and Nevo, E. 2002. Differences in primary dormancy and seedling revival ability for some Hordeum spontaneum genotypes. J. Plant Sci. 50: 271- 276. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 938 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 677 |
||