| تعداد نشریات | 285 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 83 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 3,092 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,514 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 49,344,359 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 79,806,529 |
دشمنان طبیعی شپشک آردآلود Pseudococcus comstocki (Hem.: Pseudococcidae) آفت مهم درختان توت در تبریز | ||
| آفات و بیماری های گیاهی | ||
| مقاله 1، دوره 83، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 101، اسفند 1394، صفحه 87-96 اصل مقاله (764.69 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مدیریت آفات و بیماریهای گیاهی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/jaep.2016.106102 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| نیر جعفری1؛ حسین لطفعلیزاده* 2؛ یونس کریمپور1؛ بابک قرالی3 | ||
| 1گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه | ||
| 2بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجانشرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران | ||
| 3بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان قزوین، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، قزوین، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| شپشک آردآلود توت، Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana)، یکی از آفات پلیفاژ در دنیا و ایران است که در بررسیهای اخیر آلودگی درختان توت به این آفت در شهرستان تبریز نیز مشاهده گردید. جمعیت این آفت توسط دشمنان طبیعی متعددی مورد حمله قرار میگیرد. در بررسی دشمنان طبیعی این شپشک طی سالهای 1391- 1392 در مجموع 9 گونه زنبور پارازیتویید، هیپرپارازیتویید و شکارگر مرتبط با آن جمعآوری و شناسایی شد که نتایج آن به شرح زیر است: Marietta picta André از خانواده Aphelinidae،Anagyrus novickyi Hoffer ، Coccidoxenoides perminutus Girault و Echthroplexiella flava Mercet از خانوادهEncyrtidae ، Pachyneuron muscarum (L.) از خانوادهPteromalidae ، Chartocerus kurdjumovi Nikol'skaya از خانوادهSigniphoridae ، Diadiplosis sp. از خانواده Cecidomyiidae،Leucopis sp. از خانوادهChamaemyiidae و Chilocorus bipustulatus L. از خانواده Coccinellidae. از بین آنها گونه Echthroplexiella flava برای نخستین بار از ایران گزارش میشود و بر اساس منابع موجود، گونههایC. kurdjumovi، M. pictaو P. muscarumهیپرپارازیتویید میباشند. تغییرات جمعیتی و فراوانی نسبی این دشمنان طبیعی در شهرستان تبریز در سال 1392 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. گونه Anagyrus novickyi برای نخستین بار روی شپشک آردآلود P. comestocki پرورش داده شد. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| ایران؛ پارازیتویید؛ تبریز؛ خانواده Pseudococcidae؛ شپشک آردآلود؛ شکارگر؛ هیپرپارازیتویید | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Natural enemies of the Comstock mealybug, Pseudococcus comstocki (Hem.: Pseudococcidae) as an important pest of mulberries in Tabriz, Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| N. JAFARI1؛ H. LOTFALIZADEH2؛ Y. KARIMPOUR1؛ B. GHARALI3 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The Comstock mealybug, Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana), is a polyphagous pest distributed in the world, as well as Iran. Several species of mulberries, Morus spp, are infested with P. comstocki in Tabriz, East-Azarbaijan province. In the present study, natural enemies of P. comstocki are studied during 2012-2013. As a result, nine insect species of predators, parasitoids and hyperparasitoids associated with the pest were collected and identified as follows: Aphelinidae: Marietta pictaAndré; Encyrtidae: Anagyrus novickyi Hoffer, Coccidoxenoidesperminutus Girault, Echthroplexiella flava Mercet; Pteromalidae: Pachyneuron muscarum (L.); Signiphoridae: Chartocerus kurdjumovi Nikol'skaya; Cecidomyiidae: Diadiplosis sp.; Chamaemyiidae: Leucopis sp.; Coccinellidae: Chilocorus bipustulatus L. Within this assemblage, Echthroplexiella flava is new record for Iranian insect fauna. Based on available literature, C. kurdjumovi, M. picta and P. muscarum are hyperparasitoids of the mealybug. The population fluctuation and relative abundance of this association in Tabriz were studied in 2013 and the Anagyrus novickyi was successfully reared for the first time on P. comstocki. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Hyperparasitoids, Iran, Mealybug, Pseudococcidae, Predators, parasitoids, Tabriz | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Agnello, A. M., Sparalagler, S. M., Reissing, W. H., Lawason, D. S. and Weires, R. W. 1992. Seasonal development and management strategies for Comstock mealybug (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in New York pear orchards. Journal of Economic Entomology, 85: 212-225.
Asadeh, G. and Mossadegh, M. S. 1991. An investigation of the mealybug (Pseudococcus spp.) natural enemies fauna in the Khuzestan's province. In: Proceedings of the 10th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. The Scientific Journal of Agriculture Shahid Chamran University 3: 1-5.
Ben-Dov, Y. 1994. A Systematic Catalogue of the Mealybugs of the World (Insecta: Homoptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae and Putoidae) with Data on Geographical Distribution, Host Plants, Biology and Economic Importance. Intercept Limited, Andover, UK. 686 pp.
Ben-Dov, Y. and Hodgson, C. J. 1997. Soft Scale Insects, Their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control. Amesterdam. Elsevier, 7B: 442 pp.
Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D. R. and Gibson, G. A. P. 2011. ScaleNet: A database of the scale insects of the world. [online] URL: http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/scalenet/ scalenet.htm (Accessed January 24, 2012).
Berlinger, M. J. 1977. The Mediterranean vine mealy bug and its natural enemies in southern Israel. Phytoparasitica, 5: 3-14.
Cox, J. A. 1940. Comstock’s mealybug on apple and catalpa. Journal of Economic Entomology, 44:445-447.
Ebrahimi, E. 2014. Parasitoid and hyperparasitoid wasps of scale insects in Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum, Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 34 (1): 73-83.
EMAMI S. Y. and MEHRNEJAD, M. R. 2004. The situation of weed aphids parasitoid andhyperparasitoids in pistachio orchards of Kerman province.–Proceeding of the 16th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 28 Aug.-1 Sep., Univ. of Tabriz, Iran, p. 19.
Fallahzadeh, M. Japoshvili, G., Saghaei, N. and Daane, K. M. 2011. Natural enemies of Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Fars Province vineyards, Iran. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 21 (4): 427-433.
Fallahzadeh, M., Shojaei, M., Ostovan, H. and Kamali, K. 2006. The first report of four parasitoid wasps on Peliococcus kimmericus (Hem.: Pseudococcidae) from Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 26 (1): 97-98.
Gagné, R. J. 2010. Update for a catalog of the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) of the world. Digital version 1. USDA, Washington. http://www.ars.usda.gov/ SP2UserFiles/Place/12754100/Gagne_2010_World_Catalog_Cecidomyiidae.
Gordon, R. D. 1985. The Coccinellidae (Col.) of America North of Mexico. Journal of New York Entomology Society, 93: 1-997.
Guerrieri, E. and Pellizzari, G. 2009. Parasitoids of Pseudococcus comstocki in Italy, Clausenia purpurea and Chrysoplatycerus splendens: First records from Europe. Bulletin of Insectology,62 (2):180.
Hanson, P. E. and LaSalle, J. 2006. Superfamilia Chalcidoidea, In: Hanson, P. E. & Gauld, I.D. (eds.), Hymenoptera de la Región Neotropical. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 77. Gainesville, FL, USA, 304-310.
Hayat, M. 2009. A review of the Indian Signiphoridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Biosystematica3 (2): 5-27.
Hill, D. S. 1983. Planococcus citri (Rossi). pp. 217. In Agricultural Insect Pests of the Tropics and Their Control, 2nd Edition. Cambridge Univ. Press. 746 pp.
Hough, W. S. 1925. Biology and control of Comstock's mealy bug on the Umbrella catalpa. Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin, 29: 1-27.
Jafari, N., Lotfalizadeh, H. and Karimpour, Y. 2014. Report of Anagyrus novickyi (Hym.: Encyrtidae) parasitoid of Pseudococcus comstocki from Iran. BioControl in Plant Protection, 2 (1): 91-93.
Kaydan, M. B. and Japoshvili, G. 2010. The aphelinid and encyrtid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Pseudococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in the Van Lake basin of Turkey. Türkiye Entomoloji Derneği, 34 (4): 465-476.
Kaydan, M. B., Kilincer, N., Uygun, N., Japoshvilli, G. and Gaimari, S. 2006. Parasitoids and predators of Pseudococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in Ankara, Turkey.Phytoparasitica,34 (4): 331-337.
Kosztarab, M. 1996. Scale Insects of Northeastern North America. Identification, biology, and distribution. Virginia Museum of Natural History, Martinsburg, Virginia, USA.
Lotfalizadeh, H. 2010. Some new data and corrections on Iranian encyrtid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Encyrtidae) fauna. Biharean Biologist, 4 (2): 173-178.
Lotfalizadeh, H. 2013. Introduction to Hymenopterous Parasitoids of Important Agricultural Pests. Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, 181pp.
Lotfalizadeh, H. and Ahmadi, A. 2001. Natural enemies of cypress tree mealybug, Planococcus vovae (Nasanov), and their parasitoids in Shiraz, Iran. Iran Agricultural Research, 19: 145-154.
Lotfalizadeh, H. and Gharali, B. 2008. Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Iran: New records and a preliminary checklist. Entomofauna, 29 (6): 93-120.
Meyerdirk, D. E. and Newell, I. M. 1979. Importation, colonization and establishment of natural enemies on the Comstock mealybug in California. Journal of Economic Entomology, 72 (1): 70-73.
Moghaddam, M. 2013. An annotated checklist of the scale insects of Iran (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) with new records and distribution data. ZooKeys, 334: 1–92.
NOYES J. S. 2013. Universal Chalcidoidea Database–World Wide Web electronic publication: http:// www.nhm.ac.uk/entomology/chalcidoids/index.html, accessed at: 2013.12.01.
Noyes, J. S. and Hayat, M. 1994. Oriental mealybug parasitoids of the Anagyrini (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). CAB International, Oxon, UK.
Pellizzari, G., Duso, C., Rainato, A., and Visigalli, T. 2008. Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuwana) (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae)pest of peach in north-eastern Italy. In: Proceedings of the XI International Symposium on Scale Insect Studies(Branco M.,Franco J. C., Hodgson C., Eds), Oeiras, 14-17 September 2007. ISA Press, Lisbon, Portugal.
Pellizzari, G., Duso, C., Rainato, A., Pozzebon, A. and Zanini, G. 2012. Phenology, ethology and distribution of Pseudococcus comstocki, an invasive pest in northeastern Italy. Bulletin of Insectology,65 (2): 209-215.
Phillips, J. H. H. 1961. An infestation of Comstock mealybug, Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuw.) (Homoptera: Coccoidea) on peach in Ontario. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 91: 268-270.
Romanchenko, A. A. and Bel'skaya, N. M. 1981. The Comstock mealybug in the Odessa Region. Zashchita Rastenii, 4: 1-41. (in Russian).
Springate, N. D. and Noyes, J. S. 1990. A review of British species of Anagyrus Howard (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) with new records and descriptions of other Chalcidoidea. Entomologists Gazette, 41: 213-230.
Tanasijtshuk, V. N. 1984. Family Chamaemyiidae. pp. 220-232, in Soos, A. and Papp, L. (Eds) Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera: Micropezidae-Agromyzidae, Vol. 9, 460 pp.
Tanasijtshuk, V. N. 1986.Fauna of the USSR, Family Chamaemyiidae. Academia Nauk, Leningrad, NS 134, 14(7):1-335.
Trjapitzin, V. A. 1989. Parasitic Hymenoptera of the Family Encyrtidae of Palaearctics. Academy of Sciences of The USSR, 488 pp.
Walton, V. M. 2003. Development of an integrated pest management system for vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret), in vineyards in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Dissertation, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland (Stellenbosch), South Africa.
Walton, V. M. and Pringle, K. L. 2004. Vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), a key pest in South African vineyards. A review. South African Journal of Enolomology and Viticulture, 25 (2): 54-62.
Whitehead, V. B. 1957. A study of the Predators and Parasites of Planococcus citri (Risso) (Homoptera) on Vines in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Thesis, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa.
Woodside, A. M. 1936. Comstock's mealybug as an apple pest. Journal of Economic Entomology, 29 (3): 544-546.
Woolley, J. B. and Hanson, P. E. 2006. Familia Signiphoridae. In: Hanson, P. E. and Gauld, I. D. (Eds.) Hymenoptera de la Región Neotropical. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 77: 422-425. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 2,445 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 1,584 |
||