| تعداد نشریات | 284 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 82 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 3,051 |
| تعداد مقالات | 34,085 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 46,619,806 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 77,633,666 |
برهمکنش پایه و پیوندک در برخی ارقام گلابی اروپایی (Pyrus communis L.) و آسیایی (Pyrus serotina Rehd.) روی پایه رویشی پیرودوارف | ||
| به زراعی نهال و بذر | ||
| مقاله 5، دوره 34، شماره 2، آذر 1397، صفحه 191-205 اصل مقاله (398.25 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/sppj.2018.118944 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| معصومه کرباسی؛ کاظم ارزانی* | ||
| گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به منظور یافتن پایه مناسب برای تولید تجاری گلابی آسیایی و همچنین بررسی سازگاری و چگونگی رشد آن با پایه پیرودوارف، مطالعه‌ای در سال‌های باغی 1393 و 1394 در شرایط آب و هوایی تهران انجام شد. در این پژوهش دو رقم گلابی آسیایی `KS6´ و `KS10´ به همراه یک رقم اروپایی (شاه‌میوه) روی پایه پیرودوارف پیوند شدند و طی دو سال، صفات مربوط به رشد رویشی و چگونگی رشد ریشه اندازه‌گیری شد. همچنین میزان عناصر غذایی برگ و میزان تجمع نشاسته در بالا و پایین محل پیوند مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. برای مشخص شدن سازگاری این ارقام با پایه پیرودوارف بررسی آیزوزایمی توسط ژل اکریل‌امید انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که میزان رشد این ارقام اختلاف معنی‌داری با یکدیگر داشت و میزان رشد `KS10´در مجموع دو سال کمتر بود، درحالیکه میزان عناصر غذایی برگ در آن‌ها اختلاف معنی‌داری را نشان نداد. این سه رقم از نظر میزان تجمع نشاسته اختلاف معنی‌داری باهم داشتند و میزان تجمع نشاسته در رقم شاه‌میوه کمتر بود. بررسی آیزوزایمی نیز نشان داد که باندهای A و B که در پایه پیرودوارف وجود داشتند در رقم شاه‌میوه نیز ظاهر شدند اما در ارقام گلابی آسیایی فقط باند B وجود داشت. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که پایه پیرودوارف با رقم شاه‌میوه سازگار و با گلابی‌های آسیایی نیمه سازگار است. بررسی عادت رشد ریشه این پایه پیرودوارف با پایه بذری گلابی درگزی نیز نشان داد که ریشه پیرودوارف در خاک به صورت سطحی و افقی رشد می‌کند. بنابراین استفاده از این پایه برای گلابی آسیایی و اروپایی و در مناطقی که با کمبود آب مواجه است با یستی با توجه به کمبود آب و با در نظر گرفتن ملاحظات لازم و با احتیاط همراه باشد و اصولا نبایستی بدون پژوهش‌های لازم توصیه شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| خصوصیات رشد؛ عادت رشد ریشه؛ اثر پایه؛ عناصر غذایی؛ تجمع نشاسته | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Scion/Rootstock Interaction in Some European (Pyrus communis L.) and Asian (Pyrus serotina Rehd.) Pear Cultivars on Vegetatively Propagated “Pyrodwarf” Rootstock | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| M. Karbasi؛ K. Arzani | ||
| Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In recent years some of pear nurseries have been suggested using vegetative propagated European pear (Pyrus communis L.) `Pyrodwarf’ rootstock for pear orchards in Iran. This research was carried out to explore the scion/rootstock interaction, root growth and root length and distribution of two Asian and one European pear cultivars on vegetatively propagated “Pyrodwarf” rootstock. Two Asian pear; cv. `KS6ˊ and cv. `KS10ˊ with one European pear; `Shahmiveh’ cultivar, budded on `Pyrodawrf' rootstock in late August 2012. The scion’s vegetative and rootstock root growth and distribution were recorded under Tehran environmental conditions in 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. In addition, to study the scion/rootstock compatibility, the amount of starch in the above and below of the graft union was determined using isozyme study by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results showed that the vegetative growth of cultivars on “Pyrodwarf” rootstock was significantly different. The growth of `KS10ˊ cultivar was lower than `KS6ˊ and `Shahmivehˊ cultivars. Starch content was significantly different among the cultivars. `Shahmiveh’ had the lower starch content than the other two cultivars. Isozymes study showed A and B bands in the `Pyrodwarf' rootstock and `Shahmiveh’ cultivar, however, only B band was observed in the `KS6ˊ and `KS10ˊ cultivars. `Shahmiveh’ as an European pear cultivar showed good compatibility on `Pyrodwarf' rootstock, but `KS6ˊ and `KS10ˊ as Asian pear cultivars showed semi-incompatibility on `Pyrodwarf'. The evaluation of the `Pyrodwarf' root system in comparison with `Dargazy’ seedling rootstock showed that the main roots of this rootstock grew horizontally near to the top layer of the soil. Roots did not penetrate and grew well in the deeper layers of the soil. It was conclude that due to the root system and structure, `Pyrodwarf' rootstock may not be suitable for the arid and semi-arid areas and should not be recommended to pear fruit orchards which facing shortage of irrigation water. Further research using suitable and compatible rootstocks with optimum root growth under drought conditions would warrant suitable fruit production of Asian and European pear orchards in Iran. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Growth characteristic, root growth habit, rootstock effect, mineral nutrients, starch accumulation | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Anon, 2005. Rootstocks for small fruit trees (Pyrodwarf rootstock). http://www.cdb. rootstocks.com/english/e_bine.htm.
Arzani, K. 2002. The position of pear breeding and culture in Iran: Introduction of some Asian pear (Pyrus serotina Rehd.). Acta Horticulturae 587: 167-173.
Arzani, K. 2004. The effect of European pear (Pyrus communis L.) and quince (Cydonia oblonga L.) seedling rootstocks on growth and performance of some Asian pear (Pyrus serotina Rehd.) cultivars. Acta Horticulturae 658: 93-97.
Arzani, K. and Mousavi, S. 2008. Chilling requirement of some Asian pear (Pyrus serotina Rehd.) cultivars grown under Tehran environmental conditions. Acta Horticulturae 800: 339-342.
Arzani, K., Rahmati, M., Yadollahi, A., and Abdollahi, H. 2015. Influence of rootstock on vegetative growth and graft incompatibility in some pear (Pyrus spp.) cultivars. Indo-American Journal of Agricultural and Veterinary Science 3(1): 321-9602.
Botelho, V. R., Schneider, E., Machado, D., Piva, R., and Verlindo, A. 2012. Quince ‘CPP’: New dwarf rootstock for pear trees on organic and high density planting. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 34 (2): 589-596.
Ermel, F. F., Catesson, A. M., and Poe¨ssel, J. L. 1995. Early histological diagnosis apricot/peach × almond graft incompatibility: statistical analysis of data from 5-month-old grafts. Acta Horticulturae 384: 497-503.
Errea, P. 1998. Implications of phenolic compounds in graft incompatibility in fruit tree species. Scientia Horticulturae 74: 195-205.
Errea, P., Garay, L., and Marin, J. A. 2001. Early detection of graft incompatibilityin apricot (Prunus armeniaca) using in vitro techniques. Plant Physiology. 112:135-141.
Fallahi, E., Colt, M. W., Fallahi, B., and Chun, J. I. 2002. The importance of apple rootstocks on tree growth, yeild, fruit quality, leaf nutrition and photosynthesis with an emphasis on ‘Fuji’. Hort Technology 12(1): 38-44.
Fernandez-Garcia, N., Carvajal, M., and Olmos, E. 2004. Graft union formation in tomato plants: peroxidase and catalase involvement. Annals of Botany 93 (1): 53-60.
Güçlü, F. S., and Koyuncu, F. 2011. Peroxidase isozyme profiles in some sweet cherry rootstocks and ‘0900 Ziraat’ cherry variety. African Journal of Biotechnology 11(3): 678-681.
Gulen, H., Arora, R., Kuden, A., Krebs, L. S., and Postman, J. 2002. Peroxidase isozyme profiles in compatible and incompatible pear-quince graft combination. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science 127(2): 152-157.
Gulen, H., Kuden, A., Postman, J., and Arora, R. 2005. Total protein content and SDS-PAGE in pear scions grafted on quince A and pear seedling rootstocks. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 29: 91-96.
Hassanpour, H., Davarynejadm Gh., Azizi, M., and Shahriarim F. 2006. Identification of graft incompatibility of important pear cultivars on quince rootstock by using isozymes banding pattern and starch. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology 7(4): 217-228. (in Persian).
Houba, V. J. G., Vander Lee, J. J., Novozamsky, I., and Waligna, I. 1989. Soil and plant analysis: a series of syllabi. Part 7: plant analysis procedures (4th Edition). Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. 263 pp.
Hudina, M., Orazem, P., Jakopic, J., and Stampar, F. 2014. The phenolic content and its involvement in the graft incompatibility process of various pear rootstocks (Pyrus communis L.). Journal of Plant Physiology 171: 76-84.
Ikinci, A., Bolat, I., Ercisli, I., and Kodad, O. 2014. Influence of rootstocks on growth, yield, fruit quality and leaf mineral element contents of pear cv. ‘Santa Maria’ in semi-arid conditions. Biological Research 47: 71.
Jackson, E. J. 2003. Biology of appls and pears. Cambridge University Press. 501 pp. Jonald, R., Lukman, D., Schall, F., and Villemur, P., 1990. Early testing of graft inkompatibilities in apricot and lemon trees using in vitro techniques. Scientia Horticulturae 43: 117–128.
Kucukymuk, Z., and Erdal, I. 2011. Rootstock and cultivar effect on mineral nutrition, seasonal nutrient variation and correlations among leaf, flower and fruit nutrient concentrations in apple trees. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science 17 (5): 633-641.
Lewko, J., Sadowski, A., and Ścibisz, K. 2006. Growth of rootstocks for pears cultivars budded on them-in the nursery. Latvian Journal of Agronomy 9: 80-82.
Malakouti, J. 2014. Recommendations for optimal fertilizer use in agricultural crops of Iran. Moballeghan Publications. Tehran, Iran. 348 pp. (in Persian).
Mudge, K., Janick, J., Scofield, S., and Goldschmidt, E.E. 2009. A history of grafting. Horticultural Reviews 35: 9-67.
Murayama, H., Quartieri, T., Honda, R., and Fukushima, T. 1998. Cell wall changes in pear fruit softening on and off the tree. Postharvest Biology and Technology 14: 143-149.
Musacchi, S., Pagliuca, G., Kindt, M., Piretti, M. V., and Sansavini, S. 2000. Flavonoids as markers for pear-quince graft incompatibility. Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality 74: 206–211.
Musacchi, S., Quartieri, M., and Tagliavini, M. 2006. Pear (Pyrus communis) and quince (Cydonia oblonga) roots exhibit different ability to prevent sodium and chloride uptake when irrigated with saline water. European Journal of Agronomy 24: 268-275.
Milošević, T., and Milošević, N. 2011. Influence of cultivar and rootstock on early growth and syllepsis in nursery trees of pear (Pyrus communis L., Rosaceae). Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 45(3): 451-456.
Nečas, T., and Kosina, J. 2006. Propagation of promising pear rootstocks by hardwood cuttings. In: Proceedings of International Conference of Perspectives in European Fruit Growing.
Lednice, Czech Republic. Şişecioğlu, M., Gülçin, I., Çankaya, M., Atasever, A., Şehitoğlu, M., Kaya, H., and Özdemir, H. 2010. Purification and characterization of peroxidase from Turkish black radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 4(12): 1187-1196.
Sotiropoulos, E. T. 2008. Performance of the apple (Malus domestica Borkh) cultivar Imperial Double Red Delicious grafted on five rootstocks. Hortiscience 35(1): 7-11.
Stern, A. R., and Doron, I. 2009. Performance of ‘Coscia’ pear (Pyrus communis) on nine rootstocks in the north of Israel. Scientia Horticulturae 119: 252-256.
Zapata, Ch., Delnens, E., Chaillou, S., and Magne´, Ch. 2004. Partitioning and mobilization of starch and N reserves in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Journal of Plant Physiology 161: 1031-1040.
| ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 721 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 462 |
||