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ارزیابی بیمارگری Steinernema feltiae روی بید گوجهفرنگی، Tuta absoluta در شرایط آزمایشگاه و گلخانه | ||
| مهار زیستی در گیاه‌پزشکی | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 6، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 12، اسفند 1397، صفحه 31-41 اصل مقاله (151.27 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/bcpp.2019.119557 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| المیرا ابوترابی* ؛ شهرام فرخی | ||
| مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| بید گوجهفرنگی (Tuta absoluta)، یکی از آفات مخرّب و کلیدی گوجهفرنگی است که در صورت طغیان محصول را به‌طور کامل از بین می‌برد. در این بررسی بیمارگری نماتدSteinernema feltiae Filipjev روی سنین مختلف لاروی T. absolutaدر شرایط آزمایشگاه و همچنین غلظت مؤثر نماتد در کنترل آفت در شرایط گلخانه ارزیابی شد. در مطالعه آزمایشگاهی، نتایج تاثیر غلظتهای صفر، 125، 200، 355، 632 و 1124 عدد لارو عفونتزای سن سوم نماتد (Infective juveniles, IJs) روی لاروهای سنین دو تا چهار بید گوجهفرنگی نشان داد که 48 ساعت پس از آلوده‌سازی، نماتد قادر به بیمارکردن سنین لاروی آفت می‌باشد و با افزایش تراکم جمعیت نماتد، درصد تلفات نیز افزایش می‌یابد. درصد تلفات سنین لاروی T. absoluta، در سطح احتمال 1% اختلاف معنیداری با یکدیگر داشتند. درصد مرگ و میر لاروهای سنین دوم، سوم و چهارم در بالاترین غلظت نماتد 1124 عدد IJs به ترتیب 5/31، 6/75 و 9/85 درصد بدست آمد. این مقادیر در کمترین غلظت نماتد به ترتیب معادل 8/16 ، 7/26 و 3/30 درصد بود. برای انجام آزمایش در شرایط گلخانه، سه تیمار شامل مؤثرترین غلظت نماتد معادل 1124 عدد IJs در یک میلی‌لیتر آب، فراورده بِلتیرول باکتریBacillus thuringiensis (Bt)،با غلظت 5/2 در هزار (32% WP) به‌عنوان تیمار مقایسه و تیمار شاهد بدون نماتد در شش تکرار در نظر گرفته شد. میانگین تلفات سنین مختلف لاروی بید گوجهفرنگی در تیمار S. feltiae با 9/2±5/77 درصد در مقایسه با نتایج حاصل از تاثیر فراوردهBt با 7/13±40 درصد و تیمار شاهد، اختلاف معنیداری داشت. نتایج به دست آمده حاکی از پتانسیل نماتد S. feltiae در بیمارگری لاروهای بید گوجهفرنگی و تأثیر معنی‌دار آن در ایجاد تلفات روی این آفت می‌باشد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| بید گوجهفرنگی؛ کنترل بیولوژیک؛ نماتد بیمارگر حشرات | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Efficacy of a native isolate of Steinernema feltiae on tomato leafminer (Tuta absoluta) under laboratory and greenhouse conditions | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Shahram Farrokhi؛ Shahram Farrokhi | ||
| Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lep., Gelechiidae) is a devastating key pest of tomato, and its damage may reach up to 100%. Here, the potential of the infective juveniles (IJs) of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae Filipjev species on different larval stadia of T. absoluta was studied under laboratory conditions and the ability of most effective nematode concentration when applied in the greenhouse conditions. In the in vitro, the six concentrations of third-infective juveniles S. feltiae (0, 125, 200, 355, 632 and 1124 IJs/ml) were tested against the three larval instars, L2, L3 and L4 of T. absoluta. Forty eight hours after infection, the entomopathogenic nematode was able to infect all instars of the pest. With increasing density of S. feltiae, the pest larva mortality also increased with a significant difference at 1% probability level. The percentage mortality of L2, L3 and L4 at the highest concentration of nematodes (1124 IJs) were 31.5, 75.6 and 85.9%, respectively. These values at the lowest concentration of nematodes (125 IJs) were 16.8, 26.7, and 30.3%. In the greenhouse test, three treatments included; S. feltiae (1124 IJs/ml), Bacillus thuringiensis (0.25%, Belthirul 32% WP, Probelte Co.) and control in a completely randomized design with six replicates were conducted. The percentage mortality of different T. absoluta larval stages by S. feltiae and B. thuringiensis treatments were 77.5%±2.9 and 40%±13.7 with a significant difference at 1% probability level. The results indicate the potential of S. feltiae as a native entomopathogenic nematode could be used in an integrated management measure in controlling of the T. absoluta. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| biological control, tomato leaf miner, Steinernema feltiae | ||
| مراجع | ||
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