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برهمکنش منابع کودی سیلیس و فسفر بر شاخص‌های مرتبط به خوابیدگی بوته و جذب عناصر در برنج (Oryza sativa L.) رقم طارم هاشمی | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 33، شماره 02 - شماره پیاپی 127، مرداد 1399، صفحه 46-68 اصل مقاله (485.81 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2019.126116.1400 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فاطمه عبدی1؛ یوسف نیک نژاد* 2؛ هرمز فلاح3؛ سلمان دستان4؛ داود براری تاری3 | ||
| 1دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد آیت‌الله آملی، دانشجوی دکتری گروه زراعت، آمل، ایران | ||
| 2یوسف نیک نژاد، استادیار گروه زراعت،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد آیت اله آملی،آمل،ایران | ||
| 3دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد آیت‌الله آملی، استادیار گروه زراعت، آمل، ایران | ||
| 4پژوهشگاه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی ایران، کرج | ||
| چکیده | ||
| کودهای زیستی به‌عنوان نهاده‌های بوم‌سازگار می‌توانند باعث کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی و بهبود حاصلخیزی خاک شوند. مصرف کودهای زیستی و سیلیسیم به‌ویژه محلول‌پاشی نانوسیلیس می‌تواند در دستیابی به عملکرد مطلوب و پایدار و همچنین کاهش آلودگی محیط‌زیستی مؤثر باشد. از این‌رو، این پژوهش با هدف بررسی برهمکنش منابع کودی سیلیسیم و فسفر بر شاخص‌های مرتبط به خوابیدگی بوته و مؤلفه‌های کمی و کیفی برنج در منطقه آمل طی سال‌های 1396 و 1397 انجام شد. آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. منابع مختلف کود سیلیس شامل شاهد (عدم مصرف)، سیلیکات کلسیم و سیلیکات پتاسیم به‌صورت خاک مصرف و محلول‌پاشی نانوسیلیکون به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و منابع مختلف کود فسفر شامل شاهد (عدم مصرف)، سوپرفسفات تریپل (100 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، باکتری هرباسپیریلوم + 50 کیلوگرم سوپرفسفات تریپل در هکتار و قارچ مایکوریز + 50 کیلوگرم سوپرفسفات تریپل در هکتار به‌عنوان عامل فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد هیچ کدام از صفات مورد مطالعه در آزمون بارتلت معنی‌دار نشدند که برای این صفات تجزیه واریانس مرکب انجام شد. کمترین شاخص خوابیدگی با محلول‌پاشی نانوسیلیس حاصل شد. بالاترین میزان عملکرد شلتوک (5147 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در اثرمتقابل محلول‌پاشی نانوسیلیس و مصرف ترکیبی فسفر + تلقیح باکتری به‌دست آمد که از این نظر نیز مصرف خالص فسفر و مصرف کود + تلقیح قارچ به‌ترتیب در رتبه‌های بعدی قرار گرفتند. بنابراین، محلول‌پاشی نانوسیلیس و مصرف ترکیبی کود + تلقیح بذر با باکتری می‌تواند موجب افزایش عملکرد کمی و کیفی و کنترل بلاست برنج شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| باکتری هرباسپیریلوم؛ برنج؛ کارایی استفاده از عناصر؛ قارچ مایکوریز؛ نانو سیلیس | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Interaction of silicon and phosphorous fertilizers on lodging related traits and nutrients uptake in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. ‘Tarom Hashemi’ | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Fatemeh Abdi1؛ yosoof niknezhad2؛ Hormoz Fallah3؛ Salman Dastan4؛ Davood Barari Tari3 | ||
| 1Ph.D. student, Department of Agronomy, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran | ||
| 2Y. Niknejad, ,Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University | ||
| 3Assist. Prof., Department of Agronomy, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran | ||
| 4Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Karaj | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction The major problem of paddy fields in Mazandaran province is the low solubility and uptake of phosphorus. This essential macro-element for plants is added to the soil as phosphorus fertilizer; but, the major part of this element is immobilized due to fixation in the soil and is unavailable for the crop plant (Zhu et al., 2011). The consequence is that farmers are turning to intensive farming and high consumption of chemical inputs (Ramezani & Hanifi, 2011). Therefore, to solve this problem, the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPB) and plant growth promoting fungi (PGPF) in the rhizosphere as well as insecure phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) can be considered as a solution for providing consuming phosphorus for the crops (Lavakush et al., 2014). Other key solutions to solving this problem is the consumption of silicon fertilizer sources, which can be very beneficial. In fact, silicon increases phosphate uptake due to convergence with phosphorus. In addition, silicon consumption reduces plant lodging index and pests and diseases of crops (Datnoff, 2011). Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the interaction of silicon and phosphorus fertilizer resources on the lodging indices and quantitative and qualitative parameters of rice. Material and Methods The experiments was conducted as split plots based on a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replications in Amol region during 2017 and 2018. Four levels of silicon fertilizer including control (non-consumption), spray of nano-silicon, soil consumption of potassium silicate and soil consumption of calcium silicate were used as main plots and four levels of phosphorous fertilizer including control (non-consumption), chemical fertilizer (100 kg P2O5 ha-1), 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 + Herbaspirillum seropodicae bacteria inoculation and 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 + mycorrhiza fungi (Gholusmosseae) inoculation were used as sub plots. During the growth period, after the removal of marginal effect, traits were randomly measured according to the Standard Evaluation System (SES) of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). All statistical analysis was performed using the SAS software. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used by GLM procedure and the least significant difference (LSD) test was used to compare the differences among treatment means at a 5% probability level. Results and Discussion In order to investigate the effect of silicon and phosphorous consumption on rice in the two years, firstly the data were measured by using the Bartlett method of variance homogeneity test. The results demonstrated that all the investigated traits were non-significant in the Bartlett's test, for which combined analysis of variance was performed. The lowest lodging index was obtained by spraying nano-silicon. But, the lodging index with phosphorus treatment was vs silicon usage that the highest lodging index was obtained by using chemical fertilizer + bacteria inoculation. The highest paddy yield (5147 kg ha-1) was obtained at interaction of nano-silicon spraying and using chemical fertilizer + bacteria inoculation, in this regard, chemical fertilizer treatment along with using chemical fertilizer + fungi inoculation got ranks next, respectively. Spray of nano-silicon leads to higher uptake of nutrient (Si, N, P and K) and improving qualitative and quantitative product compared to soil consumption of potassium silicate and calcium silicate, in this regards potassium silicate and calcium silicate stood ranks second and third, respectively. In addition, combined consumption of phosphorus + bacterial inoculation had higher positive effect on nutrients (Si, N, P and K) uptake than chemical phosphorous uptake along with phosphorus + fungi inoculation. Conclusion According to findings, it can be concluded that spray of nano-silicon along with consumption of chemical fertilizer + seed inoculation with bacteria can increase the quantitative and qualitative yield of rice and control the blast disease in the paddy fields. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Herbaspirillum bacteria, Mycorrhiza fungi, Nano-silicon, Nutrient utilization efficiency, Rice | ||
| مراجع | ||
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