| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,944 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,229 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 43,867,867 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 20,374,201 |
برآورد زمان‌آبی‌گرمایی مورد نیاز سبزشدن دو علف‌هرز جودره (Hordeum spontaneum Koch. ) و کاهوی وحشی (Lactuca serriola L.) | ||
| پژوهش های کاربردی زراعی | ||
| دوره 33، شماره 02 - شماره پیاپی 127، مرداد 1399، صفحه 93-113 اصل مقاله (777.08 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/aj.2019.125371.1386 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سمیه تکاسی* 1؛ ابراهیم کازرونی منفرد2؛ پرویز رضوانی مقدم3؛ مهدی نصیری محلاتی4 | ||
| 1مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گیلان | ||
| 2دانشگاه جامع علمی کاربردی گیلان | ||
| 3استاد دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| 4دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد | ||
| چکیده | ||
| برای برآورد درصد و زمان آبی‌گرمایی سبزشدن جودره (H. spontaneum) و کاهوی‌وحشی (L. serriola)، در دما و رطوبت-های مختلف با کاربرد مدل زمان آبی‌گرمایی، دماهای 15، 25 و 35 درجه سانتی‌گراد (°C) و پتانسیل‌های آبی 045/0- و 172/0- مگاپاسکال (MPa) در آزمایشگاه و تاریخ کشت‌های مهر و آبان (برای جودره) و اسفند، فروردین و اردیبهشت (برای کاهوی‌وحشی) و سه دور آبیاری (3، 5 و 7 روز یک‌بار) در مزرعه مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج آزمایشگاهی نشان داد بیشترین و کمترین سبزشدن جودره به‌ترتیب 6/92 و 3/66 درصد در °C15، MPa 045/0- و °C25، MPa 172/0- و کاهوی‌وحشی به‌ترتیب 5/95 و 20 درصد در °C15، MPa 045/0- و °C35، MPa 172/0- بود. بیشترین و کمترین زمان‌گرمایی %50 سبزشدن جودره به‌ترتیب 6/209 و 8/99 سانتی‌گراد-روز در °C25، MPa 045/0- و °C15، MPa 172/0- و کاهوی‌وحشی به‌ترتیب 70 و 7/49 سانتی‌گراد-روز در °C15، MPa 172/0- و °C35، MPa 172/0- برآورد شد. نتایج مزرعه‌ای نشان داد بیشترین سبزشدن جودره و کاهوی وحشی به‌ترتیب6/97 و 2/56 درصد در آبان، سه روز یک بار آبیاری و فروردین، پنج روز یک بار آبیاری و کمترین به‌ترتیب 8/72 و 3/21 درصد در مهر، سه روز یک بار آبیاری و اردیبهشت، هفت روز یک بار آبیاری برآورد شد. بیشترین زمان آبی‌گرمایی %50 سبزشدن جودره و کاهوی وحشی به‌ترتیب2/384 و 2/179 مگاپاسکال-سانتی‌گراد روز در مهر، هفت روز یک بار آبیاری و اردیبهشت، پنج روز یک بار آبیاری و کمترین به‌ترتیب6/84 و 3/43 مگاپاسکال-سانتی‌گراد روز در آبان، سه روز یک بار آبیاری و اسفند، سه روز یک بار آبیاری برآورد شد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| پتانسیل آب؛ دمای خاک؛ علف هرز؛ سبز شدن بذر؛ مدل زمان آبی-گرمایی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Estimation of hydrothermal time required for emergence of two weed species Hordeum spontaneum Koch. and Lactuca serriola L. | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Somayeh Tokasi1؛ Ebrahim Kazerooni Monfared2؛ Parviz Rezvani Moghadam3؛ Mehdi Nasiri Mahalati4 | ||
| 1Gilan agricultural and natural research center | ||
| 2University of Applied Science and Technology of Gilan | ||
| 3Ferdowsi University of Mashhad | ||
| 4Ferdowsi University of Mashhad | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Introduction: Seed germination and emergence is a key event that determines the success of a weed in an agro ecosystem that is influenced by many environmental factors such as temperature, pH, light, salinity and moisture (Chauhan & Johnson, 2008). Temperature plays a major role in determining the periodicity of seed germination, emergence and the distributions of weed species (Guan et al., 2009). Also, osmotic stress can reduce, delay or prevent germination (Zhou & Deckard, 2005). An understanding of weed development is needed to design effective weed management programs. A better understanding of the biology of seed germination and emergence could contribute to the development of weed management technologies to help counter those undesirable shifts in weed populations. The hydrothermal time models have been widely applied to describe the germination responses of seeds to temperature and water potential. This study was carried out with the aim to predict the time and maximum seedling emergence of two weed species, wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum Koch.) and prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola L.). Material and Methods: Different temperatures (15, 25 and 35°C) and water potentials (-0.045 and -0.172 MPa) as full factorial experiments applying a randomized experimental design with four replications were investigated in laboratory and planting dates (October and November) for H. spontaneum seeds and March, April and May for L. serriola and three irrigation intervals: every 3 days once (level1), every 5 days once (level2) and every 7 days once (level3) for two species as full factorial experiments applying a completely randomized experimental design with three replications were investigated in field. To express the changes in the emergence process, hydrothermal time model was applied and the base temperature and water potential were calculated. Then, MPa-°C-days required for emergence was calculated with the base temperature and water potential and soil moisture and temperature. Results and discussion: The results of the laboratory experiments showed that the maximum germination percentage of wild barley at 15 and 25°C was 95.9 and 83.7 %, respectively and for prickly lettuce at 15, 25 and 35°C was 96.3, 79.9 and 60.9 %, respectively. The highest and lowest maximum emergence percentage of wild barley was at 15°C, -0.045 MPa and 25°C, -0.172 MPa, respectively that was 92.6 and 66.3 %, respectively and for prickly lettuce was at 15°C, -0.045 MPa and 35°C, -0.172 MPa, respectively that was 95.5 and 20.0 %, respectively. Thermal time required for germination of wild barley at 15 and 25 °C was 43.8 and 65.1 °C-days, respectively and for prickly lettuce at 15, 25 and 35 °C was 44.6, 31.7 and 32.9 °C-days, respectively. The highest and lowest thermal time required for 50% emergence of wild barley was at 25 °C, -0.045 MPa and at 15°C, -0.172 MPa, respectively that was 209.6 and 99.8 °C-days, respectively and for prickly lettuce was at 15°C, -0.172 MPa and at 35°C, -0.172 MPa, respectively that was 70.0 and 49.7 °C-days, respectively. The results of the field experiment showed that the highest emergence percentage of wild barley and prickly lettuce was 97.6 and 56.2% that occurred in November with irrigation interval of every 3 days once and April with irrigation interval of every 5 days once, respectively. The lowest emergence percentage of wild barley and prickly lettuce was 78.2 and 21.3% that occurred in October with irrigation interval of every 3 days once and May with irrigation interval of every 7 days once, respectively. The highest hydrothermal time for 50% emergence of wild barley and prickly lettuce was 384.2 and 179.2 °C-days-MPa in October with irrigation interval of every 7 days once and May with irrigation interval of every 5 days once and the lowest was 84.6 and 43.3 °C-days-MPa in November with irrigation interval of every 3 days once and march with irrigation interval of every 3 days once, respectively. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| water potential, soil temperature, weed, seed emergence, hydrothermal time model | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Akram Ghaderi, F., Soltani, A., and Sadeghipour, H. R. 2008. Effect of temperature and water potential on germination of medicinal pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo.convar. pepo var. Styriaca), black cumin (Nigella sativa) and borago (Borago officinalis). Journal of Agricultural Science Natural Resource, 15(5), 157-170. (In Persian with English abstract). Baghestani, M. A., Zand, E., Mesgaran, M. B., Veyssi, M., Pourazr, R., and Mohammadipour, M. 2008. Control of weed barley species in winter wheat with sulfosulfuron at different rates and times of application. Weed Biology and Management, 8: 181-190. Baghestani, M. A., Zand, E., Soufizadeh, S., Jamali, M., Maighani, F., 2007. Evaluation of sulfosulfuron for broadleaved and grass weed control in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Iran. Crop Protection, 26: 1385-1389. Beheshtian Mesgaran, M., Rahimian Mashhadi, H., Alizadeh, H., Ohadi, S., and Zare, A. 2013. Modeling the germination responses of wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) and littleseed cannary grass (Phalaris minor) to temperature. Iranian Journal of Weed Science, 9: 105-118. (In Persian with English abstract). Benvenuti, S. 2003. Soil texture involvement in germination and emergence of buried weed seeds. Agronomy Journal, 95: 191-198. Boyd, N., and Van Acker, R. 2004. Seed germination of common weed species as affected by oxygen concentration, light, and osmotic potential. Weed Science, 52: 589-596. Chauhan, B. S., and Johnson, D. E. 2008. Influence of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of Eclipta (Eclipta prostrata) in a tropical environment. Weed Science, 56 (3), 383-388. Colbach, N. D., Durr, J. R. E., Chauvel, B., and Caneill, J. 2006. Modeling black grass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) germination and emergence in interaction with seed characteristics, tillage and soil climate. I. Construction. European Journal Agronomy, 24: 95-112. Derakhshan, A., Akbari, H., and Gherekhloo, J. 2014. Hydrotime modeling of Phalaris minor, Amaranthus retroflexus and A. blitoides seed germination. Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research, 1(1), 83-97. (In Persian with English abstract). Derakhshan, A., and Gherekhloo, J., 2015. Comparison of hydrothermal time models to seed germination modeling of Phalaris minor on the basis of Normal, Weibull and Gumbel distributions. Journal of Plant Production Research, 22(1), 39-57. (In Persian with English abstract). Derakhshan, A., Garzin, M., Ghorbanpoor, E., Sanchooli, O., and Kamkar, B. 2013. Factors affecting jungleric (Echinochloa colonum L.) seed germination and seedling emergence. Weed Research Journal, 5(1), 1-15. Derakhshan, A., Gherekhloo, J., and Paravar, E. 2013. Estimation of cardinal temperatures and thermal time reqirement for Cyperus difformis seed germination. Iranian Journal of Weed Science, 9: 27-38. (In Persian with English abstract). Finch-Savage, W. E., Phelps, K., Steckel, J. R. A., Whalley, W. R., and Rowse, H. R. 2001. Seed reserve-dependent growth responses to temperatuer and water potential in carrot (Daucus carota L.). Journal of Experimental Botany, 52: 2187-2197. Finch-Savage, W., and Phelps, K. 1993. Onion (Allium cepa L.) seedling emergence patterns can be explained by the influence of soil temperature and water potential on seed germination. Journal of Experimental Botany, 44: 407-414. Ghanbari, A. 2004. Agroecophysiology of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. PhD Dissertation. Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran (In Persian with English Summary). Guan, B. et al. 2009. Germination responses of Medicago ruthenica seeds to salinity, alkalinity, and temperature. Journal of Arid Environment, 73 (1), 135-138. Kazerooni Monfared, E. 2012. Modeling germination and emergence of five weed species in laboratory and field condition. PhD Dissertation. Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran (In Persian with English Summary). Lebeda, A., Dolezalova, I., Kristkova, E., Dehmer, K. J., Astley, D., Van De Weil, C. C. M., and Van Treuren, R. 2007. Acquisition and ecological characterization of Lactuca serriola L. germplasm collected in the Czech Republic, Germany, the Netherlands and United Kingdom. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 54: 555–562. Lebeda, A., Kitner, M., Dziechciarkova, M., Dolezalova, I., Kristkova, E., and Lindhout, P. 2009. An insight into the genetic polymorphism among European populations of Lactuca serriola assessed by AFLP. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 37: 597-608. Marwat, S. K., Rehman, F. U. R., and Khan, S. 2005. Germination of seeds of Datura stramonium L. under different conditions (temperature & soil). Journal of Research, 21: 45-49. Rashed Mohassel, M. H., Kazerooni Monfared, E., and Alebrahim, M. T. 2012. Effects of some environment factors on wild lettuce (Lactuca serriola) germination. Journal of Plant Protection, 25(4), 341-350. (In Persian with English abstract). Saberali, S. F., and Naser, M. 2018. Quantifying of germination response in dill (Anethum graveolens L.) to temperature and drought stress by hydrothermal time model. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 50(1), 107-118. (In Persian with English abstract). Scott, S. J., Jones, R. A., and Williams, W. A. 1984. Review of data analysis methods for seed germination. Crop Science, 24: 1192-1199. Tokasi, S., Kazerooni Monfared, E., Rezvani, P., and Nasiri Mahalati, M. 2017. Modeling the field emergence pattern of three weed species in response to soil temperature and moisture. Journal of Iranian Plant Ecophysiological Research, 12(48), 1-11. (In Persian with English abstract). Verhoeven, K. J. F., Biere, A., Nevo, E., and Van Damme, J. M. M. 2004. Can a genetic correlation with seed mass constrain adaptive evolution of seedling desiccation tolerance in wild barley? International Journal of Plant Sciences, 165: 281-288. Wang, R. 2005. Modeling seed germination and seedling emergence in Winterfat (Krascheninnikovia lanata (Pursh) A. D. J. Meeuse & Smit): physiological mechanisms and ecological relevance. PhD Dissertation, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada. 190 p. Zhou, J., and Deckard, E. L. 2005. Factors affecting eastern black nightsho (Solanum ptycanthum) seed germination. Weed Science, 53 (5), 651-656. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 374 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 333 |
||