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ارزیابی رقابت سلمه‌تره (Chenopodium album) و ذرت (Zea mays) با استفاده از برخی مدل‌های تجربی | ||
| آفات و بیماری های گیاهی | ||
| دوره 75، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 83، شهریور 1386، صفحه 13-38 اصل مقاله (2.89 M) | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فاطمه آقابیگی؛ اسکندر زند؛ محمد علی باغستانی میبدی | ||
| استاد موسسه تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به منظور بررسی تأثیر رقابت سلمه‌تره (Chenopodium album) بر عملکرد ذرت دانه‌ای، آزمایشی در سال‌های 1380 و 1381 در کرج انجام گرفت. آزمایش‌‌ها در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار و با آرایش فاکتوریل اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل زمان نسبی سبز شدن سلمه‌تره (سال اول: همزمان با ذرت، در مرحله 3-2 برگی ذرت و در مرحله 5-4 برگی ذرت؛ سال دوم: همزمان با ذرت، در مرحله 3-2 برگی ذرت و در مرحله 6-5 برگی ذرت) و تراکم سلمه‌تره (سال اول: 2، 5، 10 و 15 بوته در متر‌مربع؛ سال دوم: 6/6، 3/13 و 20 بوته در متر‌مربع) بود. نتایج حاصل از آزمایش نشان داد که بیشترین کاهش عملکرد مربوط به تیماری است که سلمه‌تره همزمان با ذرت سبز شد و کاهش عملکردی معادل 85 و 92 درصد را به ترتیب در سال اول و دوم آزمایش باعث گردید. همچنین تأخیر در زمان نسبی سبز شدن سلمه‌تره سبب کاهش قدرت رقابتی آن در مقابل ذرت گردید. شاخص سطح برگ ذرت نیز در ارتباط مستقیم با تراکم و زمان نسبی سبز شدن سلمه‌تره بود، بطوری که سبز شدن همزمان سلمه‌تره با ذرت سبب کاهش شاخص سطح برگ ذرت در سال اول و دوم آزمایش به ترتیب به میزان 73 و 53 درصد شد. بطور کلی مقایسه مدل‌های مختلف نشان داد که مدل‌های تراکم- زمان نسبی سبز شدن و سطح برگ نسبی علف‌هرز (در حالت کلی و مجموع سه زمان سبز شدن) با حداکثر ضریب تبیین، دارای بیشترین کارایی در پیش‌گویی کاهش عملکرد ذرت می‌باشند. علاوه بر آن نتایج نشان داد که تأثیر زمان نسبی سبز شدن سلمه‌تره بر افت عملکرد ذرت، بیشتر از تراکم می‌باشد، بطوری که مدل تراکم-کاهش عملکرد در حالت تفکیک زمان‌های نسبی سبز شدن، از توانایی خوبی در پیش‌گویی افت عملکرد برخوردار بود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| ذرت؛ سلمه‌تره؛ رقابت؛ مدل‌های تجربی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Evaluation of different empirical models of crop/weed competition to estimate yield and LAI losses from common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) in corn (Zea mays) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Fatemeh Aghabeygi؛ Eskandar Zand؛ Mohammad Ali Baghestani | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Usefulness and validity of different empirical yield loss models to predict the effect of common lambsquarters competition in corn were evaluated in a two year experiment in Karaj, Iran during 2001 and 2002 growing seasons. Experimental factors were 2, 5, 10 and 15 plants m-2 in the first experiment and 6.6, 13.3 and 20 plants m-2 in the second experiment and relative time of common lambsquarters emergence of simultaneous to, at 2-3 and 4-5 leaf stages of corn in the first experiment and simultaneous to, at 2-3 and 5-6 leaf stages of corn in the second experiment. Results indicated that the highest corn yield and LAI losses were observed at simultaneous emergence of weed and corn resulted in 85 and 92% yield loss, and 73 and 53% LAI loss in the first and second years of experiments, respectively. Also, delaying common lambsquarters emergence reduced its competitive ability against corn. Comparison of different empirical models revealed that the empirical yield loss models based on density and the relative time of weed emergence, and the weed relative leaf area, also the rectangular hyperbolic yield loss model based on weed density were more reliable at predicting corn yield and LAI losses according to their high coefficient of determination (R2). Also, results indicated that the negative effect of the relative time of common lambsquarters emergence on corn yield loss was more than weed density, so that the rectangular hyperbolic yield loss model based on weed density was more capable to predict yield loss at each of weed emergence times. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| empirical yield loss model, relative damage coefficient, weed density, weed, emergence time | ||
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| مراجع | ||
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