Bybordi, A., Malakouti, M., Samavat, S. (2006). Effects of Different Rates and Sources of Nitrogen on the Yield and Quality of Two Onion Varieties. , 19(2), 181-192. doi: 10.22092/ijsr.2006.127448
A. Bybordi; M.J. Malakouti; S. Samavat. "Effects of Different Rates and Sources of Nitrogen on the Yield and Quality of Two Onion Varieties". , 19, 2, 2006, 181-192. doi: 10.22092/ijsr.2006.127448
Bybordi, A., Malakouti, M., Samavat, S. (2006). 'Effects of Different Rates and Sources of Nitrogen on the Yield and Quality of Two Onion Varieties', , 19(2), pp. 181-192. doi: 10.22092/ijsr.2006.127448
Bybordi, A., Malakouti, M., Samavat, S. Effects of Different Rates and Sources of Nitrogen on the Yield and Quality of Two Onion Varieties. , 2006; 19(2): 181-192. doi: 10.22092/ijsr.2006.127448

Effects of Different Rates and Sources of Nitrogen on the Yield and Quality of Two Onion Varieties

پژوهش های خاک
Volume 19, Issue 2, November 2005, Pages 181-192    PDF (275.27 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.22092/ijsr.2006.127448
Authors
A. Bybordi1; M.J. Malakouti2; S. Samavat* 3
1Member, Scientific Staff of East Azarbyjan Agriculture
2Professor, Tarbiat Modarres University
3Researcher, Soil and Water Research Institute, respectively
Abstract
A randomized compete block factorial experiment was carried out in East Azarbyjan province during 2003-04 in order to study the effects of rates and sources of nitrogen fertilizers on the yield and quality of two onion varieties. The first factor consisted of four nitrogen levels (50, 120, 180 and 240 kgN/ha) and the second factor consisted of four different sources of nitrogen, namely, urea, ammonium nitrate, sulfur coated urea, and urea-form; and the third factor consisted of two varieties of onions, namely, Qum Red and White Rey. The experimental plots were located at Khosrow Shahr Agr. Res. Station with the soil series as Fine mixed calcareous fluventic exerothents. The results revealed that there were no significant yield differences observed between N180 and N240 treatment levels. In relation to the effect of nitrogen sources, the greatest yield was obtained with urea-form, but no significant differences were obtained between sulfur coated urea treatment, urea form and ammonium nitrate treatment . Urea-form and sulfur coated urea fertilizers performed considerably better than urea. The best yield of 78 tons/ha of white Qum onions was obtained with the application of  240 kgN/ha. The white Qum onion variety yielded higher than Red Rey onions. The greatest rate of onion spoilage was observed with nitrogen at the rate of N240. With respect to nitrogen sources, urea produced the highest rate of spoilage. The Red Rey onion produced more total soluble solids. The red onion contained the highest nitrate concentrations resulting from nitrogen rate of N240. As with the effect of variety, the highest nitrate concentration of 420 mg/kg was measured with white Qum as compared with the Red Rey variety. The longest bulb was obtained with nitrogen rate of N240. The sharpest taste based on pyruvic acid concentrations was also obtained with the nitrogen rate of N240. Similarly, sulfur coated urea produced the sharpest taste. The Red Rey onions produced sharper taste than the Qum variety. Finally, the largest onions resulted from the nitrogen rates of N240 and N180. 
Keywords
Nitrogen rates; Nitrogen sources; White Qum; Red Rey; Nitrate; Yield; Sharp taste
References
  1. آمارنامة‌ ‌جهادکشاورزی، ‌سال .1381. انتشارات ‌سازمان ‌جهاد‌ کشاورزی ‌استان ‌آذربایجان‌شرقی، تبریز، ‌ایران.
  2. امامی، عاکفه. 1375. روشهای تجزیة برگ. جلد اول، موسسة تحقیقات خاک و آب، نشریة فنی شماره 982، تهران، ایران.
  3. بای‌بوردی، احمد و محمدجعفر ملکوتی. 1379. نقش تغذیة صحیح در کنترل بیماری پوسیدگی ریشه و کاهش نیترات پیاز. موسسة تحقیقات خاک و آب، نشریة ترویجی. شماره 147، تهران، ایران.
  4. بای‌بوردی، احمد و محمدجعفر ملکوتی. 1379. اثربخشی منابع و مقادیر فراتر از حد بحرانی کودهای پتاسیمی در بهبود عملکرد پیاز، گوجه‌فرنگی و پنبه در آذربایجان‌شرقی. موسسة تحقیقات خاک و آب. نشریة ترویجی شماره 148، تهران ،‌ایران.
  5. بای‌بوردی ، احمد و محمدجعفر ملکوتی. 1378. تأثیر ازت، آهن، روی و منگنز بر کمیت و کیفیت پیاز قرمز در آذربایجان. علوم کشاورزی مدرس، شماره دوم، دوره اول صفحه 25-13 شماره دوم، جلد اول، صفحه 25-13 دوره اول دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
  6. بای‌بوردی، احمد و محمدجعفر ملکوتی. 1377. اثر منابع کود ازته توآم با گوگرد و عناصر ریزمغذی روی عملکرد و تجمع نیترات در پیاز قرمز آذرشهر. جلد 12، شماره 5. مجله علوم خاک و آب. تهران، ایران.
  7. بای‌بوردی، احمد و محمدجعفر ملکوتی. 1378. ضرورت مصرف بهینة کود برای افزایش کمی و بهبود کیفی و کاهش غلظت نیترات در غده‌های پیاز. نشریة فنی شماره 48، نشر آموزش کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.
  8. طباطبائی، سید جلال و محمد جعفرملکوتی. اثر مقادیر مختلف اوره و تأثیر متقابل آن با فسفر و پتاسیم بر عملکرد و تجمع نیترات در سیب‌زمینی. مجلة علمی پژوهشی خاک و آب، جلد 11، شمارة 1: 32-39.
  9. مرجانی، حسن و محمد جعفر ملکوتی. 1378. تعیین مناسب‌ترین میزان کود ازته به منظور به حداقل رساندن غلظت نیترات در پیاز. گزارش نهائی. موسسة تحقیقات خاک و آب. (در دست انتشار).
  10. ملکوتی، محمدجعفر. نواب‌زاده،محمد. سید محمدرضا هاشمی.1376. بررسی اثرات سطوح مختلف کودهای ازته بر تجمع نیترات در سبزیها. مجلة علمی پژوهشی خاک و آب، جلد 11، شماره 1: 14-21.
  11. نوری مقدم، رحیمه، عاکفه امامی. 1374. اثرات کودهای NPK در خواص کمی و کیفی پیاز قرمز آذرشهر، گزارش طرح تحقیقاتی بخش تحقیقات سیب‌زمینی و پیاز موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذرکرج، ایران.
  12. Al- Moshileh, A.M. 2001. Effect of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium fertilizers on onion productivity in central region of Saudi Arabia. Horticultur. Sciences. 32 : 291-305.
  13. Batal, K.M. 1991. Effects of nitrogen sources, rate and application frequency on yield and quality of onion. Hort. Sci. 26 : 490- 491.
  14. Batal, K.M., Bondari, K., Granberry, D.M., and D.G. Mullinix. 1994. Effects of source rate, and frequency of N application on yield, marketable grades and rot incidienc of sweet of onion. J. Hort. Sci. 69 : 1043-1051.
  15. Brewester, J.L. and, H.A. Butler. 1989. Effects of nitrogen supply on bulb development in onion (Allium cepa. L). J. Exp. Botany. 40 :1155-1162.
  16. Brown, B.D. and A.J. Hornbacher. 1988. Sulfur- coated urea as a slow- release nitrogen source for onions. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science. 113(6) : 864-869.
  17. Colberg, O. and A.Beale. 1991. Four levels of nitrogen fertilization in two onion (Allium cepa ) varieties. Journal of the University of Puerto Rico. 75 (1) : 1-10.
  18. Gabal, M.R. 1980. Studies on the response of Peprik varieties to nitrogen level and forms under different environmental conditions, Ph.D. Thesis. Budapest. Hungary.
  19. Haggag, M.E.A., Rizk, M.A, Nagras, A.M. and A.S.A, Abo-El- Hamad. 1986. Effects of P.K and N on yield and quality of onion. Annals of Agricultural Science. 31:989-1010.
  20. Leilah, A.A. and A.K. Mostafa. 1993. Response of onion CV Giza 20 to N,P,K fertilizer levels. J. Agric. Sci. Mansory. Univ. 18(3): 628-634.
  21. Ingle, V.G. and P. B. 1993. Effect of different levels of nitrogen in spilt doses on bulb production of onion (Allium cepa L.) PKV Reserch Journal 17(1): 75-77.
  22. Lorenz, O.A. 1978. Potential nitrate levels in edible plants part. PP. 201-220. In: D.R. Nielson). Nitrogen in the environment, Vol. 2,8. Soil & plant & Nitrogen relationships, Academic press, New York.
  23. Maier, N.A., Duhlenburg. P. and T.K. Twigalen. 1990. Effect of nitrogen on the yipld and quality of irrigated onion (Allium Cepa L.)Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 30: 403 – 409.
  24. Lipinski, V.M., Gaviola, C.C Martinez, A. Alaria, M. Maza. 2002. Response to nitrogen fertilizer of different onion cultive in Argentina. Hort. Sci. 20.480-485
  25. Loneragan, J.F., Sonwball , K. and A.D. Robson. 1976. Remobilization of nutrients and its significance in plant nutrition; In: I.F. Wardlow and J.B. possioura (eds); Transport and Transfer Process in Plant; London: Academic press.
  26. Ondes, A.D. and S. Zabunoglu. 1991. The effect of various nitrogenous fertilizers on nitrate accumulation in vegetable. Doga. Turk Tarim Ve Ormanilik pergisi. 15(2): 445-460.
  27. Possingham, J.V. 1965. Mineral nutrition and amino acid in tomato “ . Aust, J. Biol Sci. 9: 539-551.
  28. Rajput, J. M & K.T. Sadawarte. 1993. Effect of nitrogen levels on growth and yield of some onion varieties (Allium cepa ) PKV Reserch Journal. 17(1): 49-52.
  29. Shen, M.B. Zhai, H. and J.Li. Dong. 1982. Studies on nitrate accumulation in vegetable I. Evaluation of nitrate and nitrate in different vegetables. Acta. Hort. Sinica. 9:41-48.
  30. Sullivan D.M., J.M. Hart and N.W. Christensen. 1999. Nitrogen uptake and utilization. A. Pacific Northwest Extension publication Oregon. Idaho.
  31. Singh, J and B.S, Dankhar. 1991. Effect of nitrogen, potash and zinc on storage loss of onion bulb vegetable science. 18: 16-23.
  32. Tindal, T.A. and K. Gower. 2000. Controlled- release fertilizer use on onions. Onion feb. 2000: 26-28.
  33. Wiedenfeld, R. 1986.Wiedenfeld, R.P. 1986. Rate, timing and slow- release Nitrogen fertilizers on onions (allium cepa L.). Hortscience. 21(2): 236-238.
Statistics
Article View: 245
PDF Download: 323


counter
Journal management system. designed by sinaweb