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مروری بر شاخصهای مدیریت مصرف آب گیاهان مختلف در ایران | ||
| تحقیقات مهندسی سازه های آبیاری و زهکشی | ||
| دوره 25، شماره 94، مرداد 1403، صفحه 1-16 اصل مقاله (1.58 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22092/idser.2024.364605.1569 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| فریبرز عباسی* 1؛ مهدی اکبری2؛ ابوالفضل ناصری3؛ نادر عباسی4؛ جواد باغانی5؛ محمد جلینی2؛ محمدعلی شاهرخ نیا6؛ محمدمهدی نخجوانی مقدم7؛ سالومه سپهری8؛ منصور معیری9؛ علیرضا حسن اقلی10؛ سید ابو القاسم حقایقی مقدم11؛ علی قدمی فیروزآبادی12؛ سیدحسن موسوی فضل13؛ محمدرضا یزدانی10 | ||
| 1موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی | ||
| 2هیات علمی | ||
| 3بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، | ||
| 4عضو هیئت علمی موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی | ||
| 5عضو هیات علمی موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی و رئیس بخش تحقیقات آبیاری و زهکشی | ||
| 6دانشیارپژوهشی بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش | ||
| 7استادیار پژوهش، مؤسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران | ||
| 8عضو هیئت علمی- موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی | ||
| 9عضو هیئت علمی | ||
| 10عضو هیات علمی | ||
| 11عضو هیات علمی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی خراسان رضوی | ||
| 12دانشیار پژوهش بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان همدان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی | ||
| 13استادیار بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان سمنان ( شاهرود)، شاهرود، سازمان تحقیقات، | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این تحقیق با هدف ارزیابی حجم آب آبیاری و بهرهوری آب 35 محصول زراعی و باغی در ایران انجام شد. اندازهگیریهای میدانی شامل حجم آب آبیاری و عملکرد محصول برای حداقل یک فصل زراعی در قطبهای تولید هر محصول انجام شد. محصولات شامل 12 محصول زراعی (گندم، برنج، جو، ذرتعلوفهای، یونجه، چغندرقند، نیشکر، لوبیا، آفتابگردان، پنبه، کلزا، سویا)، 17 محصول باغی (زعفران، سیب، زیتون، پرتقال، نارنگی، هلو، شلیل، آلو، لیمو، انجیر، انگور، خرما، انار، گردو، بادام، پسته، گیلاس) و 6 محصول سبزی و صیفی (گوجهفرنگی، هندوانه، سیب-زمینی، خیار، خربزه، پیاز) بودند. نتایج نشان داد میانگین حجم آب آبیاری محصولات مختلف از 3984 برای محصول کلزا تا 32500 مترمکعب بر هکتار برای نیشکر متغیر است. میانگین حجم آب آبیاری 35 محصول مورد مطالعه 8032 مترمکعب بر هکتار تعیین گردید که این شاخص به تفکیک محصولات باغی، زراعی و سبزی و صیفی بهترتیب 9162، 7669 و 7247 مترمکعب بر هکتار بود. همچنین حجم کل آب مورد استفاده برای 35 محصول مورد مطالعه 7/61 میلیارد مترمکعب و حجم کل آب آبیاری سایر محصولاتی که در این تحقیق ارزیابی نشده بودند، 4/9 میلیارد مترمکعب برآورد شد. در مجموع، حجم کل آب مورد استفاده برای آبیاری محصولات آبی کشور 1/71 میلیارد مترمکعب برآورد میشود. میانگین وزنی بهرهوری آب آبیاری و آب محصولات مورد مطالعه بهترتیب 9/1 و 5/1 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب تعیین شد. از نظر شاخص درآمد ناخالص به ازای واحد حجم آب آبیاری، زعفران و پسته بیشترین، و نیشکر، سویا، جو، ذرتعلوفهای، گندم و یونجه کمترین مقدار این شاخص را به خود اختصاص دادند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| حجم آب کاربردی؛ بهرهوری فیزیکی؛ تحلیل خوشهای؛ درآمد ناخالص | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A Review of Water Consumption Management Indicators of different Crops in Iran | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Fariborz Abbasi1؛ M. Akbari2؛ Abolfazl Nasseri3؛ Nader Abbassi4؛ J. Baghani5؛ M. Joleini2؛ Mohammad Ali Shahrokhnia6؛ Mohammad Mehdi Nakhjavanimoghaddam7؛ Saloome Sepehri Sadeghian8؛ M. Moayeri9؛ A.R. Hassanoghli10؛ Abolghasem Haghayeghi11؛ Ali Ghadami Firouzabadi12؛ syeed Hassan mousavifazl13؛ M.R. Yazdani10 | ||
| 1Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, AERI | ||
| 2Agricultural Engineering Research Institute | ||
| 3Agricultural Engineering Research Institue, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran | ||
| 4Professor, AERI | ||
| 5Agricultural Engineering Research Institute | ||
| 6Associate Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization(AREEO), Shiraz, Iran. | ||
| 7Assistant Professor and Professor of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering Department, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran | ||
| 8Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI) | ||
| 9Agricultural Engineering Research Institute | ||
| 10Agricultural Engineering Research Institute | ||
| 11Member of scientefic board, Agriculture Research Center of Khorasan Razavi | ||
| 12Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Engineering Research, Hamedan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Hamedan, Iran | ||
| 13Assistant Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center Semnan province (Shahrood), AREEO, Shahrood, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Extended Abstract In terms of water consumption in different sectors, in Iran as in other countries, a significant part of surface and groundwater resources is used in agricultural sector. For the amount of water consumed in Iran's agricultural sector, different numbers have been reported in various sources. In the past three decades, water consumption in agricultural sector in various sources and methods has been reported between 44 and 86 billion cubic meters (Movaheddanesh, 1994; Ghodratnema, 1998; Mohammad-Vali-Samani, 2005; Nasseri et al., 2017; 2018). The physical water productivity is also one of the important indicators of irrigation management, which is determined by using the amount of product produced per unit of applied irrigation water. Abbasi et al. (2017) estimated and analyzed water productivity values in Iran for different years. They estimated the values of water productivity varying from 0.94 to 1.29 kg/m3 and average being 1.07 kg/m3. Abbasi et al. (2019) also showed that water productivity index in Iran had an upward trend with a slope of 0.045 kg per year. It varied from 1.0 kg/m3 in 2008 to about 1.45 kg/m3 in 2017. Past researches regarding the estimation of water consumption in agricultural sector have been reported with estimation methods such as water balance method, which is not accurate and is associated with errors. On the other hand, the figures presented for the amount of water consumed in agricultural sector are very different and there are doubts about their accuracy. Despite the importance of the issue, accurate information on the amount of irrigation water for agricultural crops in different regions of Iran is not available and this issue has always been one of the main concerns of the water industry managers and planners. Therefore, carrying out a research work that lead to more accurate numbers about the amount of applied irrigation water for different crops, can be of great help to the decision-making of officials related to water and agriculture. Therefore, the main goal of this article is a comprehensive evaluation of water management indicators in agricultural sector (including the water productivity and applied irrigation water for different crops). Methodology Field measurements including applied irrigation water and crop yield were carried out for at least one cropping season in the production hubs of each crop. The studied crops include 12 agricultural crops (wheat, rice, barley, fodder corn, alfalfa, sugar beet, sugar cane, beans, sunflower, cotton, rapeseed, soybean), 17 garden crops (saffron, apple, olive, orange, tangerine, peach, nectarine, plum, lemon, fig, grape, date, pomegranate, walnut, almond, pistachio, cherry) and 6 vegetable and summer crops (tomato, watermelon, potato, cucumber, melon, onion). These crops covered more than 85% of the cultivated area and irrigated lands in different provinces. For each crop, applied irrigation water was measured in a crop season and the yield for one year or the average of two years, but for garden plants, due to climate changes and frost that affect the yield, the average yield of 1-3 years was determined and used in the analysis. Physical water productivity of irrigation water from the ratio of crop yield to applied irrigation water and water productivity from the ratio of crop yield to water (total volume of irrigation water and effective precipitation) and gross income per unit of applied irrigation water was calculated from the product of crop yield in the sales price divided by the applied irrigation water. In this research, the cluster analysis model was used to determine the homogeneous crops. Results and Discussion The results showed that applied irrigation water for different crops varies from 3984 for rapeseed to 32500 cubic meters per hectare for sugarcane. So that the weighted average applied irrigation water of 35 studied crops was determined to be 8032 cubic meters per hectare. This index was 9162, 7669 and 7247 cubic meters per hectare, respectively, for garden, agricultural, vegetable and summer crops. Also, the total applied water used for the 35 studied crops was estimated at 61.7 billion cubic meters and the total irrigation water for other crops that were not evaluated in this research was estimated at 9.4 billion cubic meters. The total water used in irrigated crops is estimated at 71.1 billion cubic meters, which is about 70% of the total renewable water in Iran. The weighted average of irrigation water productivity and water productivity of the studied crops was determined as 1.9 and 1.5 kg/m3, respectively. Saffron and pistachio provided the highest gross income per unit of irrigation water and sugarcane, soybean, barley, fodder corn, wheat and alfalfa had the lowest values. Conclusions The results of this research provide valuable information for managers and decision makers in different provinces of Iran. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Applied irrigation water, physical productivity, cluster analysis, gross income | ||
| مراجع | ||
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