| تعداد نشریات | 286 |
| تعداد نشریات سازمان | 84 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 2,944 |
| تعداد مقالات | 33,229 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 43,870,748 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 20,378,113 |
اثر سطوح نیتروژن، میزان بذر و تداخل علف‌های‌هرز بر رشد و عملکرد گندم رقم شیراز | ||
| دانش علف‌های هرز ایران | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 9، شماره 2، دی 1392، صفحه 159-174 اصل مقاله (307.38 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| ایوب نیکنام حقیقی1؛ سیدعبدالرضا کاظمینی2؛ حسین غدیری2 | ||
| 1دانشجوی دانشگاه شیراز | ||
| 2عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه شیراز | ||
| چکیده | ||
| به منظور بررسی اثر نیتروژن و تراکم بوته گندم بر رشد و عملکرد گندم در شرایط تداخل علف هرز، آزمایشی در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شیراز در دو سال زراعی 89-1388 و 90-1389 در قالب کرت های دوبار خرد شده با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمار ها شامل حضور و عدم حضور علف هرز، نیتروژن (50، 100 و 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار ) و تراکم گندم (180، 225، 270 و 315 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بود. نتایج نشان داد علف های هرز با تاثیر بر رشد و اجزای عملکرد دانه گندم بطور معنی داری عملکرد دانه را تا 07/43 درصدکاهش دادند. با افزایش نیتروژن از 50 به 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار عملکرد دانه بطور معنی‌داری به میزان 83/29 درصد (4/3840 در مقابل 4986 کیلوگرم در هکتار) افزایش یافت ولی در برهمکنش با علف هرز باعث افزایش وزن خشک علف های هرز بطور معنی داری شد و به نظر می رسد نیتروژن اضافی قادر به جبران خسارت ناشی از حضور علف هرز نباشد. با افزایش میزان بذر، عملکرد به طور معنی‌داری افزایش و توان رقابتی علف هرز با گندم کاهش یافت به گونه‌ای که کمترین وزن خشک علف های هرز در میزان 315 کیلوگرم بذر در هکتار بدست آمد. به ازای افزایش هر کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار، وزن خشک علف های هرز به میزان 57/0 گرم در متر مربع افزایش یافت. در سطوح مختلف نیتروژن، عملکرد دانه گندم در واحد سطح با وزن خشک علف های هرز در واحد سطح رابطه خطی و منفی داشت. بطور کلی به نظر می‌رسد افزایش میزان بذر مصرفی در مقایسه با نیتروژن به عنوان یک راهکار زراعی نقش مهم‌تری در جبران خسارت علف‌های‌هرز بر عملکرد دانه داشته باشد. لذا برای دستیابی به عملکرد بهینه در شرایط حضور علف هرز، مصرف 270 کیلوگرم بذر و 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار توصیه می‌شود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| اجزای عملکرد گندم؛ تراکم بوته؛ رقابت | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Effects of Nitrogen, Seeding Rate and Weed Interference on Growth and Yield of Wheat (Shiraz Cultivar) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Ayoub Niknam Haghighi1؛ Seyed Abdolreza Kazemeini2؛ Hossein Ghadiri2 | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| In order to evaluate the effect of nitrogen, plant density and weeds on growth and yield of wheat cv. Shiraz, an experiment was conducted during 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 growing seasons at Agricultural College of Shiraz University. The experimental design was split-split plot with main plots arranged as an RCBD with three replications. Treatments included weed and weed free as main factor, three nitrogen levels (50,100,150 kg ha-1) as sub factor and seeding rate (180, 225, 270 and 315 kg ha-1) as sub factor. Wheat growth and yield as well as its components (1000-grain weight, grain number per spike and ear number m-2) were affected by weeds so that grain yield was significantly reduced by 34.23%. With increasing level of nitrogen (from 50 to 150 kg/ha), wheat grain yield (3840 Vs 4980 kg/ha)was significantly increased by 29/83%; however weed dry weight was also increased in weedy plots indicating that additional nitrogen cannot compensate for the effect of weed competition. Increasing seeding rate recorded significantly higher yield and yield components than control and a simultaneous reduction in weed competition with the lowest weed dry weight was achieved at 315 kg ha-1 seeding rate. A rise of nitrogen rate increased (0.57 gr m-2) weed dry weight. There was a negative and significant correlation between seed yield and weed dry weight, so that under different nitrogen levels, increasing weed dry weight decreased seed yield. Generally, it appears that compared to increased rate of nitrogen, higher seeding rate is a more effective strategy to compensate for yield losses caused by weeds. To achieve optimal wheat yield, application of 270 kg wheat seed and 150 kg nitrogen ha-1 is recommended. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Wheat yield components, plant density, Competition | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abasdokht, H. and Dezianian, A. 2007. Effects of pre- irrigation, planting time and wheat density on rye density. Proc. of the 9th Iranian Crop Sciences Congress, Tehran, pp. 469. (In Persian with English summary). Afuni, D. Ghandi, A. and Sadegh, D. 2001. Effects of planting date and seeding rate on yield and agronomic characteristics of new wheat varieties. Research project report number of 103-12-79084. Agricultural Research Station of Esfahan.P.9.(In Persian with English summary). Alam, M. Z., Haidar, S. A. and Paul, N. K. 2007. Yield and yield components of barley (Hordeum vulgar L.) cultivars in relation to nitrogen fertilizer. J. of Applied Sci. Res. 3(10):1022-1026. Anafjeh, Z., Fathi, G., Ebrahimpour, F., Zand, E. and Chaab A. 2008. Study on competitiveness of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Chamran cultivar. Iranian Soc. of Weed Sci. 4:35-46. (In Persian with English summary). Appleby, A. P. and Brewster, B.D. 1992. Seeding arrangement on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) grain yield and interaction with Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). Weed Technol. 6:820-823. Araus, J. L., Bart, J., Steduto, P. and Royo, C. 2003. Breeding cereals for Mediterranean conditions. Ann Appl Biol. 142: 129-141. Ashton, F. M. and Monaco, T. G. 1992.Weed Science. Translation weed science principles and practices. Ghadiri. H. 2002. Shiraz university publication. P:700. (In Persian). Bellido, L. L., Bellido, R. J. L., Castillo, J. L. and Bellido, F. J. L. 2000. Effect of tillage, crop rotation, and nitrogen fertilization on wheat under rainfed Mediterranean conditions. Agron. J. 92: 1054-1063. Balyan, R. S., Malik, R., Panwaer, K. and Singh, R. S. 1991. Competitive ability of winter wheat cultivars with wild oat (Avena Ludoviciana). Weed Sci. 39: 154-158. Barker, D. C., Knezevic, S. Z., Martin, A. R., Walters, D. T. and Lindquist, J. L. 2006. Effect of nitrogen addition on the comparative productivity of corn and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). Weed Sci. 54:354-363. Blackshaw, R. E., Brandt, R. N., Janzen, H. H., Entz, T., Grant, C. A. and Derksen, D. A. 2003. Differential responses of weed species to added nitrogen. Weed Sci. 51: 532-539. Camara, K. M., Payne, W. A. and Rasmussen, P. E. 2003. Long-term effects of tillage, nitrogen, and rainfall on winter wheat yield in the Pacific Northwest. Agron. J. 95: 825- 835. Carlson, H. L. and Hill, J. E. 1985. Wild oat competition with spring wheat: Plant density effects. Weed Sci. 33:178-181. David, C., Jeuffroy, M. H., Henning, J. and Meynard, J. M. 2005. Yield variation in organic winter wheat: a diagnostic study in the Southeast of France. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 25: 213-223. Dhima, K. and Eleftherohorinos. I. 2005. Wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) Competition with three winter cereals as affected by nitrogen supply. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 191: 241-248.(In Persian with English summary). Edalat, M., Ghadiri H., KamgarHagheighi, A., Emam, Y., Ronagei, AM. and Asad, MT. 2007. Interaction of two crop rotations and nitrogen levels on grain yield and its components of two bread wheat cultivars under dryland condition in Shiraz. Iranian J of Crop Sci.8 (2):106-120.(In Persian with English summary). Emam, Y., 2007. Cereal production, University of Shiraz Publication. 190Pp Fathi, Gh., Siadat, A., Ruzbe, N., Abdali Mashadi,A. and Ebrahimpour, F. 2001. The effect of planting date and seeding rate on yield and yield components wheat cultivars Dena in weather conditions Yasuj. Agriculture and Natural Resources Journal. 7(3):65-77. (In Persian). Fischer, R. A. 2001. Selection traits for improving yield potential In: Reynold M., P., Ortiz, J. I. Monasterial and A. Mc Nab. (eds). Application physiology in wheat breeding”. Mexico, D. F, CIMMYT. p. 148-159. Hans, S. R., and Johnson, W. G. 2002. Influence of shattercane (Sorghum bicolor L.) interference on corn (Zea mays L.) yield and nitrogen accumulation. Weed Technol. 16: 787-791. Jafarizadeh, S. and Modhej, A. 2011. Effect of common mallow (Mava spp) competitiveness on grain yield and yield components in wheat under different levels of nitrogen. Iranian J. of Field Crop Sci 4(42):767-777. (In Persian with English summary). Jannie, O., Kristensen, L. and Weiner, J. 2006. Influence of sowing density and spatial pattern of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on the suppression of different weed species. Weed Biology and Management. 6(3):165-173. Jones, M., Mathys, G. and Rijks, D. 1993. The agro meteorology of rainfed barley-based farming systems. International Symposium, Tunis, 6-10 March. 288-272. Kappler, B. F., Lyon, D. J., Stahlman, R. W., Miller, S. D. and Eskridge, K. M. 2002. Wheat plant density influences Jointed Goatgrass (Aegilopes cylindrica) competitiveness. Weed Technol. 16: 102-108. Karimi, H. 2010. Interaction of nitrogen and wild oat on canola growth and yield, Agronomy MSc thesis. College of Agriculture. Shiraz University.89Pp Kazemeini, S. A. and Ghadiri, H. 2007. Interaction of weeds and nitrogen on wheat growth and yield (Triticum aestivum L.) and soil organic carbon. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science .38:385-377. (In Persian with English summary). Khajehpour, M .2001. Principles and basis of farming. Esfahan university publication.386p. (In Persian with English summary). Koocheki, A. and Khajeh Hosseini, M. 2008. Modern Agronomy hand book. Jahad daneshghahi. Mashhad. Iran.704 p. (In Persian with English summary). Marcuvitz, S. and Turkington, R. 2002. Differential effects of light quality. Provided by different grass neighbors, on the growth and morphology of white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Oecologia. 125:293-300. Milberg, P. and Hallgren, E. 2004. Yield loss due to weeds in cereals and its large- scale variability in Sweden. Field Crops Res. 86: 199-209. Naseri, R., Mirzayi, A. and Soleimanifard, A. 2012. Reaction of yield and yield components of wheat cultivars to presence of wild oat. Proc of the 1th Iranian National Congress of Agricultural Science and Technology. 4p. (In Persian with English summary). Norris, R. F. 2000. Safflower production and weed management. University of California, Davis, CA. 52 pp. Olsen, J., Kristensen, L. and Weined, J. 2006. Influence of sowing density and spatial pattern of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on suppression of different weed species. Weed Sci. 53: 690-694. Pourazar, R. V. and Ghadiri, H. 2001. Wild oat competition with winter wheat cultivars under field conditions. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology. 37:167-183.(In Persian with English summary). Rajput, M. J., Kalwar, G. N. and Ragput, F. K. 1987. Effect of duration of weed competition period on growth and yield of wheat.Proc. Pak-Indo-US-weed control workshop, NARC. Islamabad. Pakistan. March 11-14. P. 55-58.
Rastgoo, M., Ghanbari, A., Banayan, M. and Rahimiyan, H. 2005. Effects of amount and timing of nitrogen application and weed density on wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) seed production in winter wheat. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 3(1). 45-56. (In Persian with English summary). Sahraeyan, M. and Bakhshoodeh, M. 2007. Integration of domestic and foreign markets for wheat in Iran. Iranian Journal of Agricultural and Economics. 59: 97-118.(In Persian with English summary). Scarisbrick, D. H., Daniels, R.W., Chapman, J. and Parr, M. 1980. Effect of nitrogen on the development of spring oilseed rape, Exp. Husb. 37: 63-73. Tanji, A. and Zimdahl, R. L. 1997. The competitive ability of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) compared to rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) and cowcockle (Vaccaria hispanica). Weed Sci. 45:481-487. Togay, N., Tepe, I., Togy, Y. and Cig, F. 2009. Nitrogen levels and application methods affect weed biomass, yield and yield components in ‘Tir’ wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). New Zealand J. Crop & Horti. Sci. 37: 105-111. Uhart, S. A. and Andrade, F. H. 1995. Nitrogen deficiency in maize: I. Effects on crop growth, development dry matter partitioning, and kernel set. Crop Sci. 35: 1376-1383. Wenz, J. 2000. Wheat Production Guide. Weed Management and Control [Online]. Available at: weed sci.com Wilson, B. J., Wright, K. J., Clements, B. M. and Stephans E. 1995. Predicting the competitive effects of weed and crop density on weed biomass, weed seed production and crop yield in wheat. Weed Res. 35:265-278. Yin, L. Cal, Z. and Zhong, W. 2005. Change in weed composition of winter wheat crops due to long-term fertilization. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 107: 181-186. Zimdahl, R. L. 1999. Fundamentals of Weed Science.2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. 556 pp. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 1,979 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 951 |
||